The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: Literature review and proposed guidelines
Abstract
Clinicians and researchers without a suitable health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measure in their own language have two choices: (1) to develop a new measure, or (2) to modify a measure previously validated in another language, known as a cross-cultural adaptation process. We propose a set of standardized guidelines for this process based on previous research in psychology and sociology and on published methodological frameworks. These guidelines include recommendations for obtaining semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalence in translation by using back-translation techniques and committee review, pre-testing techniques and re-examining the weight of scores. We applied these guidelines to 17 cross-cultural adaptation of HRQOL measures identified through a comprehensive literature review. The reporting standards varied across studies but agreement between raters in their ratings of the studies was substantial to almost perfect (weighted kappa = 0.66-0.93) suggesting that the guidelines are easy to apply. Further research is necessary in order to delineate essential versus optional steps in the adaptation process.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Portuguese version that was used in the study underwent translation, cultural adaptation, and pre-testing according to Beaton et al. [23].”
In the citing paper
“The DAP-R was translated following the proposed guidelines for cultural adaption by Guillemin et al. [26].”
From German version of the Death Attitudes Profile- Revised (DAP-GR) – translation and validation of a multidimensional measurement of attitudes towards death (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“We have followed the usual guidelines for cross-cultural adaptations [19].”
From Veaselaircdhation of the Spanish version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) for the assessment of acceptance in fibromyalgia (2010) · cites this paper as [19]
Citations
Cites
The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529310 · Cited by 81,148
Back-translation for cross-cultural research.
Brislin, R. W. (1970) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/135910457000100301 · Cited by 14,091
(1988) · NFER-Nelson eBooks · Cited by 5,560
The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments
Fleiss, J. L. (1999) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118032923 · Cited by 4,819
Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care.
Brazier, J. E., Harper, R., Jones, N. M., O’Cathain, A., Thomas, K. J., Usherwood, T. P., & Westlake, L. (1992) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6846.160 · Cited by 4,660
The Sickness Impact Profile: Development and Final Revision of a Health Status Measure
Bergner, M., Bobbitt, R. A., Carter, W. B., & Gilson, B. S. (1981) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198108000-00001 · Cited by 4,619
Measurement of patient outcome in arthritis
Fries, J. F., Spitz, P. W., Kraines, R. G., & Holman, H. R. (1980) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780230202 · Cited by 4,404
The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments.
Hills, M., & Fleiss, J. L. (1987) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2982050 · Cited by 3,261
Kleinman, A., EISENBERG, L., & GOOD, B. (1978) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-251 · Cited by 2,907
Cross-Cultural Research Methods
Brislin, R. W. (1980) · Environment and Culture · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0451-5_3 · Cited by 2,067
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Gerin, 1991, Le questionnaire “Profit de la qualité de la vie subjective”. Premiers éléments de validation, Therapie, 46, 131
- Bombardier, 1987, Methodological consideration in functional assessment, J Rheumatol, 14, 6
- Perez, 1990, Development of a Spanish version of the Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire, Arthritis Rheum, 33, S100
- Cardiel, 1991, Quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: validation of a Spanish version of the disability index of the Health Assessment Questionnaire, Arthritis Rheum, 34, S183
- Raynauld, 1992, A French-Canadian version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire, Arthritis Rheum, 35, S125
- Archenholtz, 1990, Reliability and validity of a Swedish version of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales, Scand J Rhematol, 20, 219
- Abello-Banfi, 1991, Quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: validation of a Spanish version of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales, Arthritis Rhemn, 34, S183
- Esteva, 1992, Reliability and validity of a Spanish version of the Sickness Impact Profile, Arthritis Rheum, 35, S219
- Ferracioli, 1988, Compromissione funzionale, invalidita ed handicap nell'artrite reumatoide. Studio prospettico mediante questionari orientari, Reumatismo, 40, 45
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures
Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014 · Cited by 14,542
Self-citationSousa, V. D., & Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x · Cited by 3,322
ICIQ: A brief and robust measure for evaluating the symptoms and impact of urinary incontinence
AVERY, K. N. L., Donovan, J., Peters, T. J., Shaw, C., Gotoh, M., & Abrams, P. (2004) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.20041 · Cited by 1,995
Tsang, S., Royse, C., & Terkawi, A. (2017) · Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.4103/sja.sja_203_17 · Cited by 1,692
Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires
Shephard, R. J. (2003) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.37.3.197 · Cited by 1,694
Metadata
- Authors
- Guillemin, F., Bombardier, C., & Beaton, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-12
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1417-1432
- ISSN
- 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2150377764
- Cited by
- 6,060
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 208 · 2025: 262 · 2024: 300 · 2023: 307 · 2022: 312 · 2021: 360 · 2020: 379 · 2019: 344 · 2018: 325 · 2017: 306 · 2016: 263 · 2015: 301 · 2014: 305 · 2013: 270 · 2012: 262
- FWCI
- 41.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- cross-cultural adaptation, health-related quality of life, back-translation, semantic equivalence, conceptual equivalence, idiomatic equivalence, adaptation guidelines, psychometric validation, reporting guidelines
- MeSH terms
- Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cultural Characteristics, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Language, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Guidelines as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review