APOE is a major susceptibility gene for Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract
The initial report on APOE as a susceptibility gene for late-onset Alzheimer's disease was presented a little more than two years ago. During the past year, several significant events have given added impetus to research into Alzheimer's. The association of increased allele frequency of APOE4 with Alzheimer's disease has been reproduced in several dozen laboratories around the world. The protective effect of the APOE2 allele has been reported and also rapidly verified. No evidence exists to support the notion of linkage disequilibrium with any nearby locus on chromosome 19. The neuropathological demonstration of apolipoprotein E (apoE) within neuronal cytoplasm in a location suitable for proposed interaction with microtubule-associated protein tau and MAP2c has introduced a new view of neuronal neurobiology. As apoE is not known to be expressed in neurons, its relationship with cellular receptors, such as the low-density lipoprotein related receptor, and the mechanism of intracellular trafficking are now important research problems. The role of apoE as a metabolic co-factor in neuronal metabolism presents new possibilities for neuronal mechanisms of maintenance and response to stress.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Common polymorphisms in the gene apolipoprotein E (APOE) are the most significant genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
“common polymorphisms in the gene apolipoprotein E (APOE) are the most significant genetic risk factor for AD [52–54].”
From Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (2020) · cites this paper as [53]
Cites
Corder, E. H., Saunders, A. M., Strittmatter, W. J., Schmechel, D. E., Gaskell, P. C., Small, G. W., Roses, A. D., Haines, J. L., & Pericak-Vance, M. A. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8346443 · Cited by 9,429 · see citing works
Self-citationTerry, R. D., Masliah, E., Salmon, D. P., Butters, N., DeTeresa, R., Hill, R., Hansen, L. A., & Katzman, R. (1991) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410300410 · Cited by 4,397 · see citing works
Association of apolipoprotein E allele ϵ4 with late‐onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease
Saunders, A. M., Strittmatter, W. J., Schmechel, D., St. George-Hyslop, P. H., Pericak-Vance, M. A., Joo, S. H., Rosi, B. L., Gusella, J. F., Crapper-MacLachlan, D. R., Alberts, M. J., et al. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.8.1467 · Cited by 3,786 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurofibrillary tangles but not senile plaques parallel duration and severity of Alzheimer's disease
Arriagada, P. V., Growdon, J. H., Hedley-Whyte, E. T., & Hyman, B. T. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.3.631 · Cited by 2,668 · see citing works
Protective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 allele for late onset Alzheimer disease
Corder, E. H., Saunders, A. M., Risch, N. J., Strittmatter, W. J., Schmechel, D. E., Gaskell, P. C., Rimmler, J. B., Locke, P. A., Conneally, P. M., Schmader, K. E., et al. (1994) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0694-180 · Cited by 1,920 · see citing works
Self-citationSchmechel, D. E., Saunders, A. M., Strittmatter, W. J., Crain, B. J., Hulette, C. M., Joo, S. H., Pericak-Vance, M. A., Goldgaber, D., & Roses, A. D. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.20.9649 · Cited by 1,525 · see citing works
Self-citationStrittmatter, W. J., Weisgraber, K. H., Huang, D. Y., Dong, L. M., Salvesen, G. S., Pericak-Vance, M., Schmechel, D., Saunders, A. M., Goldgaber, D., & Roses, A. D. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.17.8098 · Cited by 1,363 · see citing works
Self-citationNamba, Y., Tomonaga, M., Kawasaki, H., Otomo, E., & Ikeda, K. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)91092-f · Cited by 1,157 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease
Poirier, J., Bertrand, P., Poirier, J., Kogan, S., Gauthier, S., Poirier, J., Gauthier, S., Davignon, J., Bouthillier, D., & Davignon, J. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)91705-q · Cited by 1,108 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: Allelic variation and receptor interactions
William Rebeck, G., Reiter, J. S., Strickland, D. K., & Hyman, B. T. (1993) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(93)90070-8 · Cited by 1,107 · see citing works
Release of Excess Amyloid β Protein from a Mutant Amyloid β Protein Precursor
Cai, X.-D., Golde, T. E., & Younkin, S. G. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8424174 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
Price, J. L., Davis, P. B., Morris, J. C., & White, D. L. (1991) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(91)90006-6 · Cited by 818 · see citing works
Saunders, A. M., Roses, A. D., Pericak‐Vance, M. A., Dole, K. C., Strittmatter, W. J., Schmechel, D. E., Szymanski, M. H., McCown, N., Manwaring, M., Schmader, K. E., et al. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)91709-u · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Self-citationApolipoprotein E4 allele in a population–based study of early–onset Alzheimer's disease
van Duijn, C. M., de Knijff, P., Cruts, M., Wehnert, A., Havekes, L. M., Albert Hofman, D., & Broeckhoven, C. V. (1994) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0594-74 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Chartier‐Harlin, M., Parfitt, M., Legrain, S., Pérez‐Tur, J., Brousseau, T., Evans, A., Berr, C., Vldal, O., Roques, P. K., Gourlet, V., et al. (1994) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/3.4.569 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Strittmatter, W. J., Weisgraber, K. H., Goedert, M., Saunders, A. M., Huang, D., Corder, E. H., Dong, L., Jakes, R., Alberts, M. J., Gilbert, J. R., et al. (1994) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1994.1019 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Self-citationThe apolipoprotein ε4 allele in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Mayeux, R. P., Stern, Y., Ottman, R., Tatemichi, T. K., Tang, M., Maestre, G. E., Ngai, C. I., Tycko, B., & Ginsberg, H. N. (1993) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410340527 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Roses, A. D. (1994) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-199409000-00002 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Self-citationDiedrich, J. F., Minnigan, H. J., Carp, R. I., Whitaker, J. N., Race, R., Frey, W. H., & Haase, A. T. (1991) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.65.9.4759-4768.1991 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Hyman, B., Marzloff, K., & Arriagada, P. (1993) · Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-199311000-00006 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENOTYPE AND ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE
Hardy, J., Houlden, H., Collinge, J., Kennedy, A. M., Newman, S., Rossor, M. N., Lannfelt, L., Lilius, L., Winblad, B. G., Crook, R., et al. (1993) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer's disease
Noguchi, S., Murakami, K., Yamada, N., Payami, H., Kaye, J. A., Heston, L. L., Bird, T. D., & Schellenberg, G. D. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)91728-5 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Cortical senile plaques in coronary artery disease, aging and Alzheimer's disease
Sparks, D. L., Hunsaker, J. C., Scheff, S. W., Kryscio, R. J., Henson, J. L., & Markesbery, W. R. (1990) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(90)90024-t · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E: Binding to Soluble Alzheimer′s β-Amyloid
Wısnıewskı, T., Golabek, A. A., Matsubara, E., Ghiso, J. A., & Frangione, B. (1993) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1423 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Han, S.-H., Einstein, G., Weisgraber, K. H., Strittmatter, W. J., Saunders, A. M., Pericak-Vance, M., Roses, A. D., & Schmechel, D. E. (1994) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-199409000-00013 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Seminal Role of β-Amyloid in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease
Joachim, C. L., & Selkoe, D. J. (1992) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-199205000-00003 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Han, S., Hulette, C., Saunders, A. M., Einstein, G., Pericak‐Vance, M. A., Strittmatter, W. J., Roses, A. D., & Schmechel, D. E. (1994) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1994.1108 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationApoE–ε4 and early–onset Alzheimer's
Okuizumi, K., Onodera, O., Tanaka, H., Kobayashi, H., Tsuji, S., Takahashi, H., Oyanagi, K., Seki, K., Tanaka, M., Naruse, S., et al. (1994) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0594-10b · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Alzheimer's Disease and Possible Gene Interaction
George‐Hyslop, P. S., McLachlan, D. C., Tsuda, T., Rogaev, E. I., Karlinsky, H., Lippa, C. F., & Pollen, D. A. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8290965 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Clinical application of apolipoprotein E genotyping to Alzheimer's disease
Roses, A., Strittmatter, W., Pericak-Vance, M., Corder, E., Saunders, A., & Schmechel, D. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92960-2 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationBrousseau, T., Legrain, S., Berr, C., Gourlet, V., Vidal, O., & Amouyel, P. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.2.342 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Dendritic pathology of granule cells in Alzheimer's disease is unrelated to neuritic plaques
Einstein, G., Buranosky, R., & Crain, B. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-08-05077.1994 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Molecular genetics in neurology
Martin, J. B. (1993) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410340603 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E-∈A allele and Alzheimer's disease
Anwar, N. M., Lovestone, S., Cheetham, M. E., Levy, R., Powell, J. F., Amouyel, P., Brousseau, T., Fruchart, J., Dallongeville, J., Lucotte, G., et al. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92404-h · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Immediate intracardiac adrenaline injection in asystole
Eldor, J. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)91729-6 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Linkage of late-onset Alzheimer's disease with apolipoprotein E type 4 on chromosome 19
Borgaonkar, D., Schmidt, L., Martin, S. E., Kanzer, M. D., Edelsohn, L., Growdon, J. H., & Farrer, L. A. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)91458-x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
ApoE ϵ4 allelic association with Alzheimer's disease
Peacock, M. L., & Fink, J. K. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.2.339 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
β A4 amyloid protein and its precursor in Alzheimer's disease
Bush, A. I., Beyreuther, K. T., & Masters, C. L. (1992) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0163-7258(92)90039-3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Sakoda, S., Kuriyama, M., Osame, M., et al. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2420 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
ApoE, Amyloid, and Alzheimer's Disease
Hardy, J. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8290946 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
ApoE-Directed Therapeutics Rapidly Clear β-Amyloid and Reverse Deficits in AD Mouse Models
Cramer, P. E., Cirrito, J. R., Wesson, D. W., Lee, C. Y. D., Karlo, J. C., Zinn, A. E., Casali, B. T., Restivo, J. L., Goebel, W. D., James, M. J., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1217697 · Cited by 1,050 · see citing works
Sex and age differences in atrophic rates: an ADNI study with n=1368 MRI scans
Hua, X., Hibar, D. P., Lee, S., Toga, A. W., Jack, C. R., Weiner, M. W., & Thompson, P. M. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.033 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Tau Protein Interaction Partners and Their Roles in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Tauopathies
Sinsky, J., Pichlerova, K., & Hanes, J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22179207 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Cytoskeleton proteins in CSF distinguish frontotemporal dementia from AD
Sjögren, M., Rosengren, L., Minthon, L., Davidsson, P., Blennow, K., & Wallin, A. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.10.1960 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Clinically Significant Non-Major Depression: Old Concepts, New Insights
Lavretsky, H., & Kumar, A. (2002) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-200205000-00003 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Tesseur, I., Lo, A. C., Roberfroid, A., Dietvorst, S., Van Broeck, B., Borgers, M., Gijsen, H., Moechars, D., Mercken, M., Kemp, J., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1233937 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease
Neuner, S. M., TCW, J., & Goate, A. M. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104976 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
- Authors
- Roses, A. D., & Saunders, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Saunders, Ann M
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Biotechnology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994-12
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 663-667
- ISSN
- 0958-1669 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2094952053
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein E, Alzheimer's disease, late-onset Alzheimer's disease, genetic susceptibility, APOE ε4, ApoE2 allele, linkage disequilibrium, chromosome 19, tau protein, MAP2c, microtubule-associated proteins, neuronal cytoplasm, LDL receptor, intracellular trafficking, neuronal metabolism, neuronal stress response
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Apolipoproteins E, Biotechnology, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review