2014 European guideline on the management of syphilis
Abstract
Background: Syphilis remains a major public health problem in Europe (both in Eastern Europe since the 1990's and in Western Europe since the re‐emergence of the disease in the late 1990's‐early 2000's). Methods: This guideline is an update of the IUSTI: 2008 European guideline on the management of syphilis and is produced by the European Guideline Editorial Board (http://www.iusti.org/regions/Europe/pdf/2013/Editorial_Board.pdf) and EDF Guideline Committee. Results: It provides recommendations concerning the diagnosis and management of syphilis in Europe. Major advances include (1) broader use of PCR, immunohistochemistry, subtyping of the etiological agent Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, new treponemal tests, and rapid‐point‐of‐care (POC) tests detecting both treponemal and non‐treponemal antibodies, (2) more flexible options for screening (TT‐treponemal test‐ first or NTT –non treponemal test‐ first or both TT and NTT), and (3) procaine penicillin is no longer the first line therapy option in any phase of the disease, i.e. long acting penicillin G (i.e. benzathine penicillin G‐BPG) is the only first line therapy regimen in early syphilis and in late latent syphilis. Conclusions: Syphilis is a disease that is relatively easy to detect by appropriate serological tests, however, all laboratory results should be considered together with clinical data and sexual risk anamnesis. Syphilis is also easy to treat with BPG. A major concern about the supply of BPG in many European countries could threaten the efficacy of the policies of eradication of the disease in Europe.
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Early detection of IgM could help with the diagnosis of early syphilis.
“Early detection of IgM could, therefore, help with the diagnosis of early syphilis.”
From Syphilis in pregnancy: A practical guide for prenatal care providers (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
The first class of immunoglobulin to respond after a recent infection is immunoglobulin (Ig) M.
“The first class of immunoglobulin to respond after a recent infection is immunoglobulin (Ig) M.”
From Syphilis in pregnancy: A practical guide for prenatal care providers (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
A positive IgM result may be useful if primary or congenital syphilis is suspected.
“A positive IgM result may be useful if primary or congenital syphilis is suspected.”
From BASHH UK guidelines for the management of syphilis 2024 (2024) · cites this paper as [49]
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- Authors
- Janier, M., Hegyi, V., Dupin, N., Unemo, M., Tiplica, G. S., Potočnik, M., French, P., & Patel, R.
- Affiliations
- Hôpital Paris Saint-Joseph (FR)
- Comenius University Bratislava (SK)
- Hôpital Cochin (FR)
- Örebro University Hospital (SE)
- 2nd Dermatological Clinic Carol Davila University Colentina Clinical Hospital Bucharest Romania
- Ljubljana University Medical Centre (SI)
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Royal South Hants Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Janier, M.
- Venue
- Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-10-27
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1581-1593
- ISSN
- 0926-9959 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3083
- OpenAlex
- W2160743838
- Cited by
- 360
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 23.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
- European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Historical Medical Research and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Keywords
- syphilis, Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, syphilis diagnosis, syphilis screening, PCR detection, immunohistochemistry, point-of-care testing, benzathine penicillin G, procaine penicillin, syphilis treatment, Europe
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Europe, Humans, Penicillin G Benzathine, Syphilis, Treponema pallidum, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Point-of-Care Systems
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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