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Cited by 51Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

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Cingulate impairments in ADHD: Comorbidities, connections, and treatment

Brent Alan Vogt·2019·Handbook of Clinical Neurology
DOI 10.1016/b978-0-444-64196-0.00016-9
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Abstract

The entire cingulate cortex is engaged in the structure/function abnormalities found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In ADHD, which is the most common developmental disease, impaired impulse control and cognition often trace to anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) in Go/No-go tests, decoding and reading, the Stroop Color and Word Test, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), with volume deficits in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior midcingulate cortex (pMCC). Volumes in pMCC correlate positively with the WCST and negatively with total and nonperseverative errors on the WCST. Activation and connectivity on N-back tests show connections for high and low spatial working memory, but patients have increased activation in PCC and decreased connectivity between MCC and PCC for high load. Students struggle in class due to malfunctioning aMCC, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC), and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC), and to core deficits in response/task switching in aMCC. Gene mutations are found in the DA transporter and DA4 and DA5 receptors. Methylphenidate decreases hyperactivity in aMCC. The DA system is controlled by cholinergic receptors in the daMCC and genetics show nAChR mutations in alpha 3, 4, and 7 receptors. At 25 years, a modified Eriksen flanker/No-go task and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) show prenatal smoking, lifetime smoking at 13 years, and novelty seeking. Prenatal exposure to nicotine exhibits weaker responses i…

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Metadata

Authors
Vogt, B. A.
Affiliations
Boston University (US)
Corresponding author
Brent Alan Vogt
ORCID
Brent Alan Vogt
Venue
Handbook of Clinical Neurology
Publisher
Elsevier
Published
2019
Volume
166
Pages
297-314
ISSN
0072-9752 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/b978-0-444-64196-0.00016-9
OpenAlex
W2984378786
Cited by
51
References
86
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 4
FWCI
27.41
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Handbook of clinical neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cingulate cortex, anterior midcingulate cortex, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, impulse control, executive function, working memory, response inhibition, task switching, dopamine transporter, dopamine receptors, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, prenatal nicotine exposure, smoking, novelty seeking, default mode network, amygdala, comorbidities, methylphenidate, environmental risk factors, pesticides, air pollution
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Male, Neural Pathways

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