Event-Related fMRI Evidence of Frontotemporal Involvement in Aberrant Response Inhibition and Task Switching in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Abstract
Objective Response inhibition deficits are characteristic of individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigating the neural correlates of this dysfunction have used block designs, making it difficult to disentangle activation differences specifically related to response inhibition from activation differences related to subprocesses involved in task performance. The current study was designed to further enhance our understanding of this critical function in individuals with ADHD using event-related fMRI.Method Ten adolescent boys diagnosed with ADHD, combined type, and 12 typically developing controls completed a Go/NoGo task modified to control for novelty processing.Results The ADHD group made significantly more errors of omission and more errors of commission than the control group. Further, compared with controls, individuals with ADHD showed marked abnormalities in brain activation during response inhibition, including hypoactivation of the anterior/mid-cingulate cortex extending to the supplementary motor area and hyperactivation of the left temporal gyrus.Conclusions The authors suggest that underactivation in frontal regions reflects core deficits in response/task-switching abilities for the ADHD group.
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Studies of mean reaction time in ADHD have shown mixed results, with some finding slower RT and others finding no differences depending on diagnostic subtype.
“Examination of mean RT in ADHD have demonstrated mixed results, with some showing children with ADHD have significantly slower RT (e.g., Tamm, Menon, Ringel, & Reiss, 2004) while others show no differences depending on ADHD diagnostic subtype (e.g., Derefinko et al., 2008).”
From Increased intra-individual reaction time variability in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across response inhibition tasks with different cognitive demands (2009) · cites this paper as Tamm, Menon, Ringel, & Reiss, 2004
Children with ADHD showed reduced fMRI activation in the pre-SMA during a Go/No-go task.
“children with ADHD showed reduced fMRI activation in this region during a Go/No-go task”
From Meta-analysis of Go/No-go tasks demonstrating that fMRI activation associated with response inhibition is task-dependent (2008) · cites this paper as Tamm et al., 2004
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- Authors
- TAMM, L., MENON, V., RINGEL, J., & REISS, A. L.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- TAMM, LEANNE
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1430-1440
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2123934982
- Cited by
- 272
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 8.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (HD40761, HD31715, MH01142, MH50047, and MH19908)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, response inhibition, task switching, event-related fMRI, anterior cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area, go/no-go task, adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Task Performance and Analysis, Temporal Lobe, Case-Control Studies
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