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Cited by 71Origins and Evolution of LifeHistory and advancements in chemistryMicrobial metabolism and enzyme function

The elements of life: A biocentric tour of the periodic table

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Kaleigh A. Remick, John D. Helmann·2023·Advances in Microbial Physiology
DOI 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.11.001PMC PMC10727122
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Abstract

Living systems are built from a small subset of the atomic elements, including the bulk macronutrients (C,H,N,O,P,S) and ions (Mg,K,Na,Ca) together with a small but variable set of trace elements (micronutrients). Here, we provide a global survey of how chemical elements contribute to life. We define five classes of elements: those that are (i) essential for all life, (ii) essential for many organisms in all three domains of life, (iii) essential or beneficial for many organisms in at least one domain, (iv) beneficial to at least some species, and (v) of no known beneficial use. The ability of cells to sustain life when individual elements are absent or limiting relies on complex physiological and evolutionary mechanisms (elemental economy). This survey of elemental use across the tree of life is encapsulated in a web-based, interactive periodic table that summarizes the roles chemical elements in biology and highlights corresponding mechanisms of elemental economy.

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  • The central role of K+ and Mg2+ as bulk ions, and of Mg2+ in enzyme catalysis, places these two elements among the dozen or so that are universally essential for life.

    “The central role of K+ and Mg2+ as bulk ions, and of Mg2+ in enzyme catalysis, places these two elements among the dozen or so that are universally essential for life.9,44”

    From Metals in Motion: Understanding Labile Metal Pools in Bacteria (2025) · cites this paper as [44]

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200 of 593 shown

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Remick, K. A., & Helmann, J. D.
Affiliations
Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author
John D. Helmann
ORCID
John D. Helmann
Venue
Advances in Microbial Physiology
Publisher
Elsevier
Published
2023
Volume
82
Pages
1-127
ISSN
0065-2911 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.11.001
PMC
PMC10727122
OpenAlex
W4318480904
Cited by
71
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 8
FWCI
147.83
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Advances in microbial physiology/Advances in Microbial Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (R35GM122461)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › History and advancements in chemistry
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
Keywords
periodic table, macronutrients, trace elements, micronutrients, essential elements, domains of life, interactive periodic table, microbial physiology
MeSH terms
Nutrients, Sodium, Trace Elements, Micronutrients

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