Insulin action and signalling in fat and muscle from dexamethasone-treated rats
Abstract
Glucocorticoids initiate whole body insulin resistance and the aim of the present study was to investigate effects of dexamethasone on protein expression and insulin signalling in muscle and fat tissue. Rats were injected with dexamethasone (1mg/kg/day, i.p.) or placebo for 11 days before insulin sensitivity was evaluated in vitro in soleus and epitrochlearis muscles and in isolated epididymal adipocytes. Dexamethasone treatment reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis by 30-70% in epitrochlearis and soleus, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by approximately 40% in adipocytes. 8-bromo-cAMP-stimulated lipolysis was approximately 2-fold higher in adipocytes from dexamethasone-treated rats and insulin was less effective to inhibit cAMP-stimulated lipolysis. A main finding was that dexamethasone decreased expression of PKB and insulin-stimulated Ser(473) and Thr(308) phosphorylation in both muscles and adipocytes. Expression of GSK-3 was not influenced by dexamethasone treatment in muscles or adipocytes and insulin-stimulated GSK-3beta Ser(9) phosphorylation was reduced in muscles only. A novel finding was that glycogen synthase (GS) Ser(7) phosphorylation was higher in both muscles from dexamethasone-treated rats. GS expression decreased (by 50%) in adipocytes only. Basal and insulin-stimulated GS Ser(641) and GS Ser(645,649,653,657) phosphorylation was elevated in epitrochlearis and soleus muscles and GS fractional activity was reduced correspondingly. In conclusion, dexamethasone treatment (1) decreases PKB expression and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation in both muscles and adipocytes, and (2) increases GS phosphorylation (reduces GS fractional activity) in muscles and decreases GS expression in adipocytes. We suggest PKB and GS as major targets for dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance.
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Glucocorticoid-induced hyperinsulinaemia is regarded as an adaptation of pancreatic β-cell function to glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in liver, muscle, and adipose tissues.
“Glucocorticoid-induced hyperinsulinaemia is regarded as an adaptation of pancreatic â-cell function to the GC-induced insulin resistance in liver, muscle and adipose tissues, either through hyperglycaemia, by other signalling mechanisms, or most likely a combination of these mechanisms.27,28”
From Twenty‐four‐hour profiles of plasma glucose, insulin, C‐peptide and free fatty acid in subjects with varying degrees of glucose tolerance following short‐term, medium‐dose prednisone (20 mg/day) treatment: evidence for differing effects on insulin secretion and action (2012) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Burén, J., Lai, Y. C., Lundgren, M., Eriksson, J. W., & Jensen, J.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of Umeå (SE)
- National Institute of Occupational Health (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Jensen, J.
- Venue
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 474
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 91-101
- ISSN
- 0003-9861 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2050972898
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Torsten Söderbergs Stiftelse
- Vetenskapsrådet (12663, 14287)
- Novo Nordisk Fonden
- Medicinska fakulteten, Umeå Universitet
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- dexamethasone, glucocorticoids, insulin resistance, insulin signaling, Akt, glycogen synthase, glycogen synthase kinase-3, muscle glucose uptake, adipocyte lipolysis, glycogen synthesis, soleus muscle, epitrochlearis muscle, epididymal adipocytes
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Dexamethasone, Glucose, Insulin, Lipolysis, Male, Phosphorylation, Blotting, Western, Signal Transduction, Rats, Wistar, Muscle, Skeletal, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Glucose Transporter Type 4, Rats
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