Do low molecular weight antioxidants contribute to the Protection against oxidative damage? The interrelation between oxidative stress and low molecular weight antioxidants based on data from the MARK-AGE study
Abstract
A redox steady state is important in maintaining vital cellular functions and is therefore homeostatically controlled by a number of antioxidative agents, the most important of which are enzymes. Oxidative Stress (OS) is associated with (or/and caused by) excessive production of damaging reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species (ROS, RNS), which play a role in many pathologies. Because OS is a risk factor for many diseases, much effort (and money) is devoted to early diagnosis and treatment of OS. The desired benefit of the "identify (OS) and treat (by low molecular weight antioxidants, LMWA)" approach is to enable selective treatment of patients under OS. The present work aims at gaining understanding of the benefit of the antioxidants based on interrelationship between the concentration of different OS biomarkers and LMWA. Both the concentrations of a variety of biomarkers and of LMWA were previously determined and some analyses have been published by the MARK-AGE team. For the sake of simplicity, we assume that the concentration of an OS biomarker is a linear function of the concentration of a LMWA (if the association is due to causal relationship). A negative slope of this dependence (and sign of the correlation coefficient) can be intuitively expected for an antioxidant, a positive slope indicates that the LMWA is pro-oxidative, whereas extrapolation of the OS biomarker to [LMWA] = 0 is an approximation of the concentration of the OS biomarker in the absence of the LMWA. Using this strategy, we studied the effects of 12 LMWA (including tocopherols, carotenoids and ascorbic acid) on the OS status, as observed with 8 biomarkers of oxidative damage (including malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, 3-nitrotyrosine). The results of this communication show that in a cross-sectional study the LMWA contribute little to the redox state and that different "antioxidants" are very different, so that single LMWA treatment of OS is not scientifically justified assuming our simple model. In view of the difficulty of quantitating the OS and the very different effects of various LMWA, the use of the "identify and treat" approach is questionable.
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Low molecular weight antioxidants represent an important line of cellular defense mechanisms against oxidants.
“Low molecular weight antioxidants represent an important line of cellular defense mechanisms against oxidants (Pinchuk et al. 2021).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Pinchuk et al. 2021
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Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging
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- Authors
- Pinchuk, I., Kohen, R., Stuetz, W., Weber, D., Franceschi, C., Capri, M., Hurme, M., Grubeck-Loebenstein, B., Schön, C., Bernhardt, J., Debacq-Chainiaux, F., Dollé, M. E. T., Jansen, E. H. J. M., Gonos, E. S., Sikora, E., Breusing, N., Gradinaru, D., Moreno-Villanueva, M., Bürkle, A., Grune, T., & Lichtenberg, D.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- University of Hohenheim (DE)
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DE)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Tampere University (FI)
- BioTeSys (Germany) (DE)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (GR)
- Instytut Biologii Doświadczalnej im. Marcelego Nenckiego (PL)
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Holon Institute of Technology (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Pinchuk, Ilya
- Kohen, Ron
- Stuetz, Wolfgang
- Weber, Daniela
- Franceschi, Claudio
- Capri, Miriam
- Hurme, Mikko
- Schön, Christiane
- Bernhardt, Jürgen
- Dollé, Martijn E.T.
- Jansen, Eugène H.J.M.
- Gonos, Efstathios S.
- Sikora, Ewa
- Breusing, Nicolle
- Bürkle, Alexander
- ORCID
- Venue
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 713
- Pages
- 109061
- ISSN
- 0003-9861 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3205293343
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- National Hellenic Research Foundation Helios Repository (National Hellenic Research Foundation) (submittedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- Repository of the University of Namur (submittedVersion)
- Rivm Repository (Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
- Rivm (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (200880)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- low-molecular-weight antioxidants, oxidative stress, oxidative damage biomarkers, tocopherols, carotenoids, vitamin C, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, nitrotyrosine, redox homeostasis, antioxidant treatment, reactive oxygen species
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Molecular Weight, Oxidation-Reduction, Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress
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