Commentary: Vitamin C: Antioxidant or Pro-Oxidant In Vivo?
Abstract
Ascorbic acid has a multiplicity of antioxidant properties, but it can exert pro-oxidant effects in vitro, usually by interaction with transition metal ions. It is as yet uncertain that these pro-oxidant effects have any biological relevance: some of the available data are summarized.
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Prooxidant properties of vitamin C in the presence of redox-active metal ions and oxygen have been confirmed predominantly under in vitro conditions; occurrence under in vivo conditions has not been convincingly documented.
“Prooxidant properties of vitamin C in the presence of redox-active metal ions and oxygen have been confirmed predominantly under in vitro conditions, occurrence under in vivo conditions has not been convincingly documented (Halliwell 1996).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Halliwell 1996
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Vitamin C and the common cold: a retrospective analysis of Chalmers' review.
Hemilä, H., & Herman, Z. S. (1995) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718483 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Rice-Evans, C. A., Okunade, G. W., & Khan, R. (1989) · Free Radical Research Communications · doi:10.3109/10715768909088161 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Sahu, S. C., & Gray, G. C. (1993) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3835(93)90077-m · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Halliwell, B. B., Aruoma, O. I., Mufti, G. J., & Bomford, A. B. (1988) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)81061-5 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationScurvy and Altered Iron Stores in Thalassemia Major
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Does vitamin C alleviate the symptoms of the common cold? A review of current evidence
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Rowley, D. A., & Halliwell, B. B. (1982) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(82)80214-7 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationAromatic Hydroxylation of Phenylalanine as an Assay for Hydroxyl Radicals
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Self-citationInduction of lipid peroxidation of pulmonary surfactant by plasma of preterm babies
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Inactivation of α1 ‐antiproteinase by hydroxyl radicals The effect of uric acid
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Self-citationStudies on Ascorbic Acid. I. Factors Influencing the Ascorbate-Mediated Inhibition of Catalase*
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Cell death by oxidative stress and ascorbic acid regeneration in human neuroectodermal cell lines
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Self-citationCarmine, T. C., Evans, P., Bruchelt, G., Evans, R. W., Handgretinger, R., Niethammer, D., & Halliwell, B. B. (1995) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3835(95)03852-n · Cited by 73 · see citing works
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Hydroxyl radicals and the toxicity of oral iron
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Ascorbic Acid Enhances Iron-induced Ferritin Translation in Human Leukemia and Hepatoma Cells
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Ascorbic acid safety: analysis of factors affecting iron absorption
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Is Pentane a Normal Constituent of Human Breath?
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ASCORBIC ACID GLYCATION OF LENS PROTEINS PRODUCES UVA SENSITIZERS SIMILAR TO THOSE IN HUMAN LENS
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Ascorbic Acid Glycation: the Reactions of l-Threose in Lens Tissue
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Formation of hydroxyl radicals from NADH and NADPH in the presence of copper salts
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Self-citationIron and coronary heart disease.
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Self-citationPathogenesis of genetic haemochromatosis
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Evans, P., Cecchini, R., & Halliwell, B. B. (1992) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(92)90131-2 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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Haemolysis induced by ascorbic acid in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
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Testing for Haemochromatosis in the Diabetic Clinic
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Possible adverse health effects of vitamin C and ascorbic acid.
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Self-citationFree radical-induced fragmentation of proteins by quercetin
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Self-citationThe Molecular Genetics of Superoxide Dismutase inE. Coli
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A Proposition: Megadoses of Vitamin C are Valuable in the Treatment of Cancer
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Radioprotectors and Anticarcinogens
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Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging
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Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence
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Targeting cancer vulnerabilities with high-dose vitamin C
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Common Presence of Non–Transferrin-Bound Iron Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
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Iron and ascorbic acid concentrations in human dermis with regard to age and body sites.
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Pinchuk, I., Kohen, R., Stuetz, W., Weber, D., Franceschi, C., Capri, M., Hurme, M., Grubeck-Loebenstein, B., Schön, C., Bernhardt, J., et al. (2021) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2021.109061 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Halliwell, B.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Halliwell, Barry
- ORCID
- Halliwell, Barry
- Venue
- Free Radical Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 439-454
- ISSN
- 1029-2470 (ISSN-L)
- 1071-5762
- OpenAlex
- W2015380696
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 191
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Free Radical Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Free Radicals and Antioxidants
- Keywords
- vitamin C, antioxidant activity, pro-oxidant activity, transition metal ions, free radicals
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Humans, Oxidants
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