Cited by 543Food Security and Health in Diverse PopulationsChild Abuse and TraumaChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Poverty, Stress, and Brain Development: New Directions for Prevention and Intervention

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Blair, Clancy, Raver, C. Cybele·2016·Academic Pediatrics

DOI 10.1016/j.acap.2016.01.010PMC PMC5765853

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Abstract

We review some of the growing evidence of the costs of poverty to children's neuroendocrine function, early brain development, and cognitive ability. We underscore the importance of addressing the negative consequences of poverty-related adversity early in children's lives, given evidence supporting the plasticity of executive functions and associated physiologic processes in response to early intervention and the importance of higher order cognitive functions for success in school and in life. Finally, we highlight some new directions for prevention and intervention that are rapidly emerging at the intersection of developmental science, pediatrics, child psychology and psychiatry, and public policy.

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Additional file 1 of An unconditional prenatal income supplement is associated with improved birth and early childhood outcomes among First Nations children in Manitoba, Canada: a population-based cohort study
Enns, J. E., Nickel, N. C., Chartier, M., Chateau, D., Campbell, R., Phillips-Beck, W., Sarkar, J., Burland, E., Katz, A., Santos, R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14457266
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“…neuroendocrine stress response axes including upregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis, elevated cortisol and cytokine responses to stress, and altered metabolism, 14–16 yet no studies have been performed to assess whether similar responses might be at play among children with cancer.”
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Nittrouer, S., Burchardt, D., McEnery, A., Antonelli, J., Kachru, R., Roig, J. C., & Schrepfer, T. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0341841
“…delayed development of the central auditory pathways may explain some of that variance, a suggestion motivated by findings showing that poverty is associated with changes in brain structure, including reduced gray matter in the frontal and temporal cortices, as well as in the hippocampus [51, 52].”
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Etokabeka, E. M. D. C. (2025) · Futurity Education · doi:10.57125/fed.2025.03.25.14
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Amiri, S. M. H., Akter, N., Islam, M., & Mithila, M. (2026) · doi:10.24108/preprints-3114435

Authors: Blair, C., & Raver, C. C.
Affiliations: New York University (US)
Corresponding author: Blair, Clancy
ORCID: Blair, Clancy
Venue: Academic Pediatrics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-04
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Pages: S30-S36
ISSN: 1876-2859 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2016.01.010
PMC: PMC5765853
OpenAlex: W2327738691
Cited by: 543
References: 72
Citations by year: 2026: 58 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 4
FWCI: 6.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Academic Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD51502, P01 HD39667)
National Institute on Drug Abuse
US Administration for Children and Families (90YR0057)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: poverty, childhood adversity, stress, early brain development, neuroendocrine function, executive function, cognitive ability, early intervention, prevention, child development, public policy
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Brain, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Poverty, Stress, Psychological, Parenting, Early Intervention, Educational, Executive Function

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Poverty, Stress, and Brain Development: New Directions for Prevention and Intervention

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