Negative social emotions and cognition: Shame, guilt and working memory impairments
Open accessAbstract
Negative emotions can have an impact on a variety of cognitive domains, including Working Memory (WM). The present work investigated whether shame and guilt modulate WM performance in a dual-task test both in a non-clinical and a clinical population. In Experiment 1, 76 non-clinical participants performed a dual-task before and after being randomly assigned to shame, guilt or neutral inductions elicited by the writing of autobiographical past experiences. Shame and guilt elicitations were related to impaired WM performances. In Experiment 2, 65 clinical inpatients with eating disorders were assigned to the same procedure. The negative relationship of self-conscious emotions and WM was confirmed. Taken together these results suggest that shame and guilt are related to impairments of WM in both clinical and non-clinical participants.
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Shame can be more strongly associated with various psychological symptoms than guilt.
“Even if the different studies showed that shame can be more strongly associated with various psychological symptoms [33–35]”
From The “common” experience of voice-hearing and its relationship with shame and guilt: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
The General discussion (page unavailable) reports that shame had a greater impact than guilt in predicting worse working-memory performance in the studied samples. It does not establish that shame is more strongly associated with various psychological symptoms; the comparison is limited to working-memory performance. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThis may be related to an overload of working memory that can be found within guilt and shame activations.
“This may be related to an overload of the working memory that can be found within guilt and shame activations [34].”
From The “common” experience of voice-hearing and its relationship with shame and guilt: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
There are reasons to expect that shame in response to a stressful event can be involved in the elicitation of AVH.
“Given that induction of shame led to increased levels of intrusive thoughts and working memory impairments [34], there are reasons to expect that shame in response to a stressful event can be involved in the elicitation of AVH [53].”
From The “common” experience of voice-hearing and its relationship with shame and guilt: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
The General discussion reports that eliciting shame can impair working memory and discusses intrusive thoughts, but it does not address auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). A search for AVH, hallucinations, and shame following stressful events found no passage connecting shame to the elicitation of AVH. The working-memory clause in the citing sentence carries a separate citation. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Cavalera, C., Pepe, A., Zurloni, V., Diana, B., Realdon, O., Todisco, P., Castelnuovo, G., Molinari, E., & Pagnini, F.
- Affiliations
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Cavalera, Cesare
- ORCID
- Venue
- Acta Psychologica
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 188
- Pages
- 9-15
- ISSN
- 0001-6918 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2803371928
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 3.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Acta Psychologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Keywords
- shame, guilt, working memory, negative emotions, self-conscious emotions, dual-task performance, emotion induction, autobiographical writing, eating disorders, emotion-cognition interaction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Cognition, Emotions, Female, Guilt, Humans, Inpatients, Male, Memory Disorders, Memory, Short-Term, Shame, Task Performance and Analysis, Writing, Young Adult
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