Psychosocial stress impairs working memory at high loads: an association with cortisol levels and memory retrieval

Oei, N. Y. L.; Everaerd, W. T. A. M.; Elzinga, B. M.; van Well, S.; Bermond, B.

doi:10.1080/10253890600965773

Cited by 373Stress Responses and CortisolMemory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and Influences

Psychosocial stress impairs working memory at high loads: an association with cortisol levels and memory retrieval

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Oei, N. Y. L., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., Elzinga, B. M., van Well, S., Bermond, B.·2006·Stress

DOI 10.1080/10253890600965773

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Abstract

Stress and cortisol are known to impair memory retrieval of well-consolidated declarative material. The effects of cortisol on memory retrieval may in particular be due to glucocorticoid (GC) receptors in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Therefore, effects of stress and cortisol should be observable on both hippocampal-dependent declarative memory retrieval and PFC-dependent working memory (WM). In the present study, it was tested whether psychosocial stress would impair both WM and memory retrieval in 20 young healthy men. In addition, the association between cortisol levels and cognitive performance was assessed. It was found that stress impaired WM at high loads, but not at low loads in a Sternberg paradigm. High cortisol levels at the time of testing were associated with slow WM performance at high loads, and with impaired recall of moderately emotional, but not of highly emotional paragraphs. Furthermore, performance at high WM loads was associated with memory retrieval. These data extend previous results of pharmacological studies in finding WM impairments after acute stress at high workloads and cortisol-related retrieval impairments.

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Working memory, problem solving, and cognitive flexibility are negatively affected by acute stress.
“processes underlying working memory, problem solving and cognitive flexibility are negatively affected by acute stress (Oei et al 2006, Plessow et al 2011, Plessow et al 2012, Schoofs et al 2008, Schoofs et al 2009, Steinhauser et al 2007).”
From Prefrontal cortex executive processes affected by stress in health and disease (2018) · cites this paper as Oei et al 2006, Plessow et al 2011, Plessow et al 2012, Schoofs et al 2008, Schoofs et al 2009, Steinhauser et al 2007

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Authors: Oei, N. Y. L., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., Elzinga, B. M., van Well, S., & Bermond, B.
Affiliations: Leiden University (NL)
University of Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author: Oei, N. Y. L.
ORCID: Everaerd, W. T. A. M.
Elzinga, B. M.
Venue: Stress
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2006-01
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Pages: 133-141
ISSN: 1025-3890 (ISSN-L)
1607-8888
DOI: 10.1080/10253890600965773
OpenAlex: W2121158431
Cited by: 373
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 4.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Stress (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: psychosocial stress, working memory, cortisol, memory retrieval, Sternberg paradigm, emotional memory, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, glucocorticoid receptor, acute stress, cognitive performance
MeSH terms: Adult, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Memory, Memory Disorders, Psychological Tests, Reaction Time, Speech, Stress, Psychological, Wechsler Scales, Biomarkers, Patient Selection, Cross-Over Studies, Recognition, Psychology

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Psychosocial stress impairs working memory at high loads: an association with cortisol levels and memory retrieval

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