Cited by 460Smoking Behavior and CessationBehavioral Health and InterventionsSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

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Development of a taxonomy of behaviour change techniques used in individual behavioural support for smoking cessation

Michie, Susan, Hyder, Natasha, Walia, Asha, West, Robert·2011·Addictive Behaviors

DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.11.016

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Abstract

Objective Individual behavioural support for smoking cessation is effective but little is known about the 'active ingredients'. As a first step to establishing this, it is essential to have a consistent terminology for specifying intervention content. This study aimed to develop for the first time a reliable taxonomy of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used within individual behavioural support for smoking cessation.Method Two source documents describing recommended practice were identified and analysed by two coders into component BCTs. The resulting taxonomy of BCTs was applied to 43 treatment manuals obtained from the English Stop Smoking Services (SSSs). In the first 28 of these, pairs of coders applied the taxonomy independently and inter-coder reliability was assessed. The BCTs were also categorised by two coders according to their main function and inter-coder reliability for this was assessed.Results Forty-three BCTs were identified which could be classified into four functions: 1) directly addressing motivation e.g. providing rewards contingent on abstinence, 2) maximising self-regulatory capacity or skills e.g. facilitating barrier identification and problem solving, 3) promoting adjuvant activities e.g. advising on stop-smoking medication, and 4) supporting other BCTs e.g. building general rapport. Percentage agreement in identifying BCTs and of categorising BCTs into their functions ranged from 86% to 95% and discrepancies were readily resolved through discussion.Conclusion It is possible to develop a reliable taxonomy of BCTs used in behavioural support for smoking cessation which can provide a starting point for investigating the association between intervention content and outcome and can form a basis for determining competences required to undertake the role of stop smoking specialist.

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Self-citation

Authors: Michie, S., Hyder, N., Walia, A., & West, R.
Affiliations: National Health Service (GB)
University College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Michie, Susan
ORCID: Michie, Susan
West, Robert
Venue: Addictive Behaviors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-04
Volume: 36
Issue: 4
Pages: 315-319
ISSN: 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.11.016
OpenAlex: W2026773176
Cited by: 459
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 12.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Cancer Research UK
National Institute for Health and Care Research
Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G007489/1)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords: behaviour change techniques, smoking cessation, taxonomy development, intercoder reliability, treatment manual, smoking cessation services, motivation, self-regulation, adjuvant effect, intervention content
MeSH terms: Behavior Therapy, England, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Smoking Cessation

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Development of a taxonomy of behaviour change techniques used in individual behavioural support for smoking cessation

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