The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Development of a taxonomy of behaviour change techniques used in individual behavioural support for smoking cessation
Abstract
Objective Individual behavioural support for smoking cessation is effective but little is known about the 'active ingredients'. As a first step to establishing this, it is essential to have a consistent terminology for specifying intervention content. This study aimed to develop for the first time a reliable taxonomy of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used within individual behavioural support for smoking cessation.Method Two source documents describing recommended practice were identified and analysed by two coders into component BCTs. The resulting taxonomy of BCTs was applied to 43 treatment manuals obtained from the English Stop Smoking Services (SSSs). In the first 28 of these, pairs of coders applied the taxonomy independently and inter-coder reliability was assessed. The BCTs were also categorised by two coders according to their main function and inter-coder reliability for this was assessed.Results Forty-three BCTs were identified which could be classified into four functions: 1) directly addressing motivation e.g. providing rewards contingent on abstinence, 2) maximising self-regulatory capacity or skills e.g. facilitating barrier identification and problem solving, 3) promoting adjuvant activities e.g. advising on stop-smoking medication, and 4) supporting other BCTs e.g. building general rapport. Percentage agreement in identifying BCTs and of categorising BCTs into their functions ranged from 86% to 95% and discrepancies were readily resolved through discussion.Conclusion It is possible to develop a reliable taxonomy of BCTs used in behavioural support for smoking cessation which can provide a starting point for investigating the association between intervention content and outcome and can form a basis for determining competences required to undertake the role of stop smoking specialist.
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In the citing paper
“An examination of BCTs used in self-management approaches to increasing physical activity and healthy eating [46], and in behavioural support for smoking cessation [47,48], shows that these BCTs serve five of the intervention functions: education, persuasion, incentivisation, training, and enablement.”
From The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions (2011) · cites this paper as [48]
In the citing paper
“Previous BCTs groupings have been based on judgements made by the study author.20,27,32,33”
In the citing paper
“Effective BCTs have been identified for interventions to increase physical activity and healthy eating, 23,48 and to support smoking cessation, 27,46 reduce excessive alcohol consumption, 29 prevent sexually transmitted infections 19,30 and change professional behaviour.49”
In the citing paper
“Since Abraham and Michie's 20 initial paper, intercoder reliability has been demonstrated for various subsequent BCT taxonomies.20,23,27,28,30,48”
Citations
Cites
Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance
Craig, P., Dieppe, P., Macintyre, S., Michie, S., Nazareth, I., & Petticrew, M. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a1655 · Cited by 10,995
Self-citationMoher, D., Schulz, K. F., & Altman, D. G. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04337-3 · Cited by 5,373
Des Jarlais, D. C., Lyles, C., Crepaz, N., & the TREND Group (2004) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.94.3.361 · Cited by 2,817
A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions
Abraham, C., & Michie, S. (2008) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.3.379 · Cited by 2,525
Self-citationEffective techniques in healthy eating and physical activity interventions: A meta-regression.
Michie, S., Abraham, C., Whittington, C., McAteer, J., & Gupta, S. (2009) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016136 · Cited by 2,229
Self-citationTreating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update: Clinical practice guideline
(2008) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e481882008-001 · Cited by 1,219
Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation
Lancaster, T., & Stead, L. F. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001292.pub2 · Cited by 1,015
Specifying and reporting complex behaviour change interventions: the need for a scientific method
Michie, S., Fixsen, D., Grimshaw, J. M., & Eccles, M. P. (2009) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-4-40 · Cited by 976
Self-citationSmoking cessation guidelines for health professionals: an update
West, R. (2000) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thorax.55.12.987 · Cited by 976
Self-citationGroup behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation
Stead, L. F., Carroll, A. J., & Lancaster, T. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001007.pub3 · Cited by 825
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1 of the 28 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Michie, S., van Stralen, M. M., & West, R. (2011) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-6-42 · Cited by 13,697
“An examination of BCTs used in selfmanagement approaches to increasing physical activity and healthy eating [46], and in behavioural support for smoking cessation [47,48], shows that these BCTs serve five of the intervention functions: education, persuasion, incentivisation, training, and enablement.”
Self-citationMichie, S., Richardson, M., Johnston, M., Abraham, C., Francis, J., Hardeman, W., Eccles, M. P., Cane, J., & Wood, C. E. (2013) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6 · Cited by 7,629
Self-citationFree, C., Knight, R., Robertson, S., Whittaker, R., Edwards, P., Zhou, W., Rodgers, A., Cairns, J., Kenward, M. G., & Roberts, I. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60701-0 · Cited by 728
Michie, S., Wood, C. E., Johnston, M., Abraham, C., Francis, J. J., & Hardeman, W. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta19990 · Cited by 680
Self-citationCarey, R., Bohlen, L. C., Johnston, M., Rothman, A. J., de Bruin, M., Kelly, M. P., & Michie, S. (2018) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kay078 · Cited by 743
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Metadata
- Authors
- Michie, S., Hyder, N., Walia, A., & West, R.
- Affiliations
- National Health Service (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Michie, Susan
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 315-319
- ISSN
- 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2026773176
- Cited by
- 459
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 12.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G007489/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- behaviour change techniques, smoking cessation, taxonomy development, intercoder reliability, treatment manual, smoking cessation services, motivation, self-regulation, adjuvant effect, intervention content
- MeSH terms
- Behavior Therapy, England, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Smoking Cessation
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