Identifying effective behavioural components of Intervention and Comparison group support provided in SMOKing CEssation (IC-SMOKE) interventions: a systematic review protocol
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews of behaviour change interventions for smoking cessation vary in scope, quality, and applicability. The current review aims to generate more accurate and useful findings by (1) a detailed analysis of intervention elements that change behaviour (i.e. behaviour change techniques (BCTs)) and potential moderators of behaviour change (i.e. other intervention and sample characteristics) and (2) assessing and controlling for variability in support provided to comparison groups in smoking cessation trials. METHODS: A systematic review will be conducted of randomized controlled trials of behaviour change interventions for smoking cessation in adults (with or without pharmacological support), with a minimum follow-up of 6 months, published after 1995. Eligible articles will be identified through the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register. Study authors will be asked for detailed descriptions of smoking cessation support provided to intervention and comparison groups. All data will be independently coded by two researchers. The BCT taxonomy v1 (tailored to smoking cessation interventions) and template for intervention description and replication criteria will be used to code intervention characteristics. Data collection will further include sample and trial characteristics and outcome data (smoking cessation rates). Multilevel mixed-effects meta-regression models will be used to examine which BCTs and/or BCT clusters delivered to intervention and comparison groups explain smoking cessation rates in treatment arms (and effect sizes) and what key moderators of behaviour change are. Predicted effect sizes of each intervention will be computed assuming all interventions are compared against comparison groups receiving the same levels of behavioural support (i.e. low, medium, and high levels). Multi-disciplinary advisory board members (policymakers, health care providers, and (ex-)smokers) will provide strategic input throughout the project to ensure the review's applicability to policy and practice. DISCUSSION: By capturing BCTs in intervention and comparison groups, this systematic review will provide more accurate estimates of the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions, the most promising BCTs and/or BCT clusters associated with smoking cessation rates in intervention and comparison arms, and important moderators of behaviour change. The results could set new standards for conducting meta-analyses of behaviour change interventions and improve research, service delivery, and training in the area of smoking cessation. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42015025251.
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The content and effectiveness of active control groups may vary considerably (de Bruin 2016).
“We also coded the BCTs present in the active control groups, as the content and effectiveness of these interventions may vary considerably (de Bruin 2016).”
From Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · cites this paper as de Bruin 2016
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- Authors
- de Bruin, M., Viechtbauer, W., Eisma, M. C., Hartmann-Boyce, J., West, R., Bull, E., Michie, S., & Johnston, M.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- NHS Grampian (GB)
- Venue
- Systematic Reviews
- Published
- 2016-05-04
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 77-77
- ISSN
- 2046-4053 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4857384
- OpenAlex
- W2346326425
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 0.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK (C50862/A18446)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, behaviour change techniques, behaviour change interventions, smoking cessation rates, intervention effectiveness, BCT taxonomy, tobacco dependence, pharmacological support
- MeSH terms
- Systematic Reviews as Topic, Behavior Therapy, Humans, Smoking, Tobacco Use Disorder, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking Cessation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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