The effect of successful and unsuccessful smoking cessation on short-term anxiety, depression, and suicidality
Open accessAbstract
Research on the mental health effects of quitting smoking is limited. Smokers with mental illness appear to be at a higher risk of unsuccessful smoking cessation. Recent work suggests they are at elevated risk for post-cessation increases in anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation. The current study tested the effects of successful and unsuccessful smoking cessation on short-term psychopathology in 192 community participants. Smoking cessation outcomes were classified using expired carbon monoxide levels that were taken at quit week, 1 and 2 week follow-up and 1 month follow-up. We found no psychopathology increases in participants who successfully quit smoking. For individuals struggling to quit our results partially supported a recently proposed struggling quitters hypothesis. However, the vast majority of individuals posited to be vulnerable by the struggling quitters hypothesis did not experience clinically significant increases in psychopathology. These findings have implications for clinicians whose clients are interested in smoking cessation.
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Previous data from small cessation trials and recent data from population surveys suggested that relapse in a quit attempt may predict an increase in depressive symptoms.
“Previous data from small cessation trials [34, 35] and recent data from population surveys suggested that relapse in a quit attempt may predict an increase in depressive symptoms [36].”
From Depression and smoking cessation: evidence from a smoking cessation clinic with 1-year follow-up (2017) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Capron, D. W., Allan, N. P., Norr, A. M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Schmidt, N. B.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- University of Houston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Capron, Daniel W.
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 782-788
- ISSN
- 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3977564
- OpenAlex
- W1981065353
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH076629)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, anxiety, depression, suicidality, suicidal ideation, psychopathology, expired carbon monoxide, mental illness
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Breath Tests, Carbon Monoxide, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Smoking, Models, Statistical, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Self Report, Suicidal Ideation
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