The DOI matches its Crossref record; 109 of the 109 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Approaches to surface engineering of extracellular vesicles
Open accessAbstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles that are important mediators in intercellular communication. This function makes them auspicious candidates for therapeutic and drug-delivery applications. Among EVs, mammalian cell derived EVs and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by gram-negative bacteria are the most investigated candidates for pharmaceutical applications. To further optimize their performance and to utilize their natural abilities, researchers have strived to equip EVs with new moieties on their surface while preserving the integrity of the vesicles. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of techniques that can be used to introduce these moieties to the vesicle surface. Approaches can be classified in regards to whether they take place before or after the isolation of EVs. The producing cells can be subjected to genetic manipulation or metabolic engineering to produce surface modified vesicles or EVs are engineered after their isolation by physical or chemical means. Here, the advantages and disadvantages of these processes and their applicability for the development of EVs as therapeutic agents are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In addition to the genetic engineering of parent cells, metabolic engineering by incubating cells with L-aziodohomoalanine or Nazidoacetyl-D-mannosamine can affect new surface compositions on the EVs [223].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [223]
Citations
Cites
Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles
van Niel, G., D'Angelo, G., & Raposo, G. (2018) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.125 · Cited by 8,369
Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions
Yáñez‐Mó, M., Siljander, P. R. ‐., Andreu, Z., Bedina Zavec, A., Borràs, F. E., Buzas, E. I., Buzas, K., Casal, E., Cappello, F., Carvalho, J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v4.27066 · Cited by 5,926
Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes
Alvarez-Erviti, L., Seow, Y., Yin, H., Betts, C., Lakhal, S., & Wood, M. J. A. (2011) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1807 · Cited by 4,930
PEGylation as a strategy for improving nanoparticle-based drug and gene delivery
Suk, J. S., Xu, Q., Kim, N., Hanes, J., & Ensign, L. M. (2016) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2015.09.012 · Cited by 4,523
Mathieu, M., Jaular, L. M., Lavieu, G., & Théry, C. (2018) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-018-0250-9 · Cited by 3,863
Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET
Peinado, H., Alečković, M., Lavotshkin, S., Matei, I., Costa-Silva, B., Moreno-Bueno, G., Hergueta-Redondo, M., Williams, C., García-Santos, G., Ghajar, C. M., et al. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2753 · Cited by 3,715
Current knowledge on exosome biogenesis and release
Hessvik, N. P., & Llorente, A. (2018) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-017-2595-9 · Cited by 2,362
Progress in Exosome Isolation Techniques
Li, P., Kaslan, M., Lee, S. H., Yao, J. D., & Gao, Z. (2017) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.18133 · Cited by 2,019
Outer-membrane vesicles from Gram-negative bacteria: biogenesis and functions
Schwechheimer, C., & Kuehn, M. J. (2015) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3525 · Cited by 2,009
Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson’s disease therapy
Haney, M. J., Klyachko, N. L., Zhao, Y., Gupta, R., Plotnikova, E. G., He, Z., Patel, T., Piroyan, A., Sokolsky, M., Kabanov, A. V., et al. (2015) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.033 · Cited by 2,009
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- D. Gupta, O.P.B. Wiklander, A. Görgens, M. Conceição, G. Corso, X. Liang, Y. Seow, S. Balsu, U. Felldin, B. Bostancioglu, Y.X. Fiona Lee, J. Hean, I. Mäger, T.C. Roberts, M. Gustafsson, D.K. Mohammad, H. Sork, A. Bäcklund, C.I. Edvard Smith, M.J.A. Wood, R. Vandenbroucke, J.Z. Nordin, S.E.L. Andaloussi, Engineering of extracellular vesicles for display of protein biotherapeutics, bioRxiv, (2020) 2020.2006.2014.149823. · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–258 of 258
Peptide Based Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Theranostics and Vaccine
Thakur, A. (2024) · International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics · doi:10.1007/s10989-024-10673-z · Cited by 2
Li, D., Chu, X., Ning, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, C., Tian, X., & Yang, Y. (2025) · Extracellular Vesicle · doi:10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100077 · Cited by 2
Basalova, N. A., Станиславович, Д. С., Yurshev, Y. A., Primak, A. L., Efimenko, A. Y., Va, T., & Karagyaur, M. N. (2023) · Neurochemical Journal · doi:10.1134/s1819712423040074 · Cited by 2
Mitrut, R. E., Stranford, D. M., DiBiase, B. N., Chan, J. M., Bailey, M. D., Luo, M., Harper, C. S., Meade, T. J., Wang, M., & Leonard, J. N. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.559433 · Cited by 2
Allevi, D., Luchicchi, A., & Orefice, N. S. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118381 · Cited by 1
Li, Y., Gu, W., Li, Y., Zhao, Z., Liu, T., Ke, P., Lin, H., Wang, Q., Huang, X., & Zhang, Q. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.167096 · Cited by 1
Yang, B., Wu, B., Fang, J., Liang, Y., Chen, H., Liu, Z., Guo, Z., & Xu, B. (2025) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115207 · Cited by 1
Choe, S.-S., Ye, J., Zhang, T., & Gao, J. (2025) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202503757 · Cited by 1
Cyanobacterial Extracellular Vesicles as Protein Carriers: Towards Fish Vaccination
Matinha‐Cardoso, J., Gonçalves, G., Coutinho, F., Lima, S., Bonneville, L., Serrano, M., Tamagnini, P., Oliva‐Teles, A., Couto, A., Serra, C. R. B. E. M., et al. (2026) · Microbial Biotechnology · doi:10.1111/1751-7915.70294 · Cited by 1
The Application and Challenges of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Inhalation Lung Injury
Ling, D., Wang, R., Liu, J., Zhai, J., Chen, J., Li, Y., Liu, H., Tai, Z., & Wei, H. (2026) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s564787 · Cited by 1
Zhang, F.-X., Dou, Y., Li, Y., Chien, M., Du, J.-K., Zhang, B., Du, M.-Z., Ai, L.-Y., Wu, T., Guo, H.-L., et al. (2026) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2026.124167 · Cited by 1
Li, W., Zhang, W., Zheng, H., Zhang, Y., Feng, Y., Xie, Y., Liu, X., Liu, M., Kong, X., Ran, N., et al. (2026) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.023 · Cited by 1
Advanced extracellular vesicle therapeutics: From molecular engineering to intelligent devices
Tao, X., Zu, G., Su, J., Feng, S., Ding, X., & Pei, R. (2026) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2026.06.015 · Cited by 1
Anjum, A., Lindley, A., Harley‐Troxell, M. E., & Jia, X. (2026) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2026.101485 · Cited by 1
Belkare, C. K., & Daware, O. V. (2026) · DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40199-026-00617-x · Cited by 3
Osmotic Remodeling of Extracellular Vesicles for Precision Nanomedicine
Susa, F., Arnaboldi, L., Giorgis, V. D., Ghirimoldi, M., Barberis, E., Brucale, M., Valle, F., Malerba, M., Vallino, M., Musicò, A., et al. (2026) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202510793 · Cited by 1
Ivleva, A., Demchenko, A. G., & Smirnikhina, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2026.1855907 · Cited by 1
Zhang, M., Zhu, Y., Hu, F., & Rao, M. (2026) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-026-04811-6 · Cited by 1
Pathogenesis and interaction of neutrophils and extracellular vesicles in noncancer liver diseases
Sun, J., Yang, F., Zheng, Y., Huang, C., Fan, X., & Yang, L. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112442 · Cited by 1
Recent Advances in Extracellular Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Treating InflammationPreprint
Wang, C., Yang, H., Liu, Y., He, B., Lei, F., Jia, M., Zheng, X. C., Ren, W., & Li, C. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4064600 · Cited by 1
Assessing the effect of protein corona formation in the process of EV surface engineeringPreprint
Musicò, A., Zenatelli, R., Romano, M., Zendrini, A., Alacqua, S., Tassoni, S., Paolini, L., Urbinati, C., Rusnati, M., Bergese, P., et al. (2023) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-rh5s8 · Cited by 1
Zheng, W., Mowoe, M. O., Hou, W., Hagey, D. W., Imami, K., & Andaloussi, S. E. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.24.620083 · Cited by 1
Extracellular vesicle therapeutics: from mechanism to application in cardiac repair
Roefs, M. T. H. F. (2022) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · doi:10.33540/1547
Assessing the effect of protein corona formation in the process of EV surface engineeringPreprint
Musicò, A., Zenatelli, R., Romano, M., Zendrini, A., Alacqua, S., Tassoni, S., Paolini, L., Urbinati, C., Rusnati, M., Bergese, P., et al. (2023) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-rh5s8-v2
Assessing the effect of protein corona formation in the process of EV surface engineeringPreprint
Musicò, A., Zenatelli, R., Romano, M., Zendrini, A., Alacqua, S., Tassoni, S., Paolini, L., Urbinati, C., Rusnati, M., Bergese, P., et al. (2023) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-rh5s8-v3
Applications of engineered tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of cancer
Zheng, M., Liu, P., Cai, I. J., Su, J., Yuan, W., & Qiu, M. (2023) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104786
Qi, Y., Hao, J., Zeng, T., Zhou, J., Dong, Y., Shu, Q., Weng, Q., Yu, H., Zhao, X., & Li, J. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3545854/v1
Biomedical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Treatment of Disease
Wang, F., Ai, J., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., & Li, Z. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527842155.ch4
Zhang, Y., Song, S., He, J. M., Zhao, Z.-H., Zhang, K., Zhang, Y., & Li, X. (2024) · Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology · doi:10.2174/0113892010282251240324123038
Basalova, N. A., Станиславович, Д. С., Yurshev, Y. A., Primak, A. L., Efimenko, A. Y., Va, T., & Karagyaur, M. N. (2023) · Нейрохимия · doi:10.31857/s1027813323040076
Therapeutic Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Ganji, P., Prabhakar, S., & Manda, S. V. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-2494-9_14
Ma, C., Zhu, H., Liu, C., & Wang, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Materials · doi:10.3389/fmats.2025.1631141
Milk EVs Promote Apical Periodontitis Bone Repair via Osteoblast Targeting
Wu, S., Song, Q.-Y., Bai, H., Shang, Y., Yan, Z., Xia, M., Wang, L.-N., Dong, M., & Niu, W.-D. (2025) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345251368767
Sobti, R. C., Mankotia, P., & Sharma, V. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-38325-0.00025-3
Sun, Y., Sun, Y., Chen, S., Yu, Y., Ma, Y., & Sun, F. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24633291
Nanobiology of Cutaneous Wound Healing
Moulick, M., Nandy, A., Bhasme, P., Mukherjee, S., Yadav, A., & Ghatak, S. (2026) · Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-12442-5_27
Vesicular Systems for Anticancer Drug Delivery
Garanin, A., Плевако, Д. С., Васильева, О. А., & Malek, A. V. (2025) · Nanobiotechnology Reports · doi:10.1134/s2635167625600506
Qi, Y., Hao, J., Zeng, T., Zhou, J., Dong, Y., Shu, Q., Weng, Q., Yu, H., Zhao, X., & Li, J. (2026) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics18040401
Therapeutic Applications of Stimuli‐Based Release and Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles
Kemunto, G., & Dellinger, K. (2026) · Advanced NanoBiomed Research · doi:10.1002/anbr.202500173
Functionalization of extracellular vesicles for biomedical applications
Rani, S., Hussain, Z., & Pei, R. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-36641-3.00009-7
Yan, Y., Zhu, Y., Wang, Y., Dai, L., Zou, L., & Wang, Z. (2026) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-026-04475-2
Li, Y., & Zhuang, P. (2026) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/jin45956
Song, M., Wu, B., Wang, H., Dai, H., Yao, C., Sun, R., Xu, F., Dube, A., Cao, Y., & Wang, C. (2026) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2026.103099
Johari, N. A., Anuar, N. F. Z., Nor, F. M., Desa, M. N. M., Wong, E. H., Mariappan, V., Vellasamy, K. M., Khan, N. L. A., Hussaini, J., & Navindra Kumari, P. (2026) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology · doi:10.35118/apjmbb.2026.034.2.18
Huakun, Z., Hao, W., & Rongyao, Y. (2026) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2026.115982
Jahromi, L. P., Geng, F., Frenzke, J., & Fuhrmann, G. (2026) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.74203
Self-citationКалашникова, И. В., Артаваздович, В. М., Смирнова, О. Д., Patsaev, T. D., Михайлович, Ч. Ю., Aleshin, S. V., Качалина, Т. В., & Шейченко, О. П. (2026) · Food processing industry · doi:10.52653/ppi.2026.8.8.025
Mikolajczyk, K. P., Bereźnicka, A., Czernek, L., Gualerzi, A., Forleo, L., Bedoni, M., Łodej, N., & Migdał, P. (2026) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00243
Hashemi, E.-O.-S., Kangarshahi, B. M., Takdehghan, G., Naghib, S. M., Sharifianjazi, F., & Roozbahani, M. H. (2026) · Discover Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/s13064-026-00316-y
Engineering hybrid and synthetic extracellular vesicles for emerging biomedical applications
Huang, Z.-Y., Hsu, F.-Y., Chen, J.-S., & Li, W. (2026) · AAPS Open · doi:10.1186/s41120-026-00199-7
Huang, H., Wang, W., Lou, Y., Yan, Y., Ahmad, H., Li, M., Jia, Q., Yan, Y., Hu, G., Fan, Z., et al. (2026) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2026.124628
Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Osteogenesis
Jäger, M., & Sowislok, A. (2026) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering13091086
Artificial intelligence for extracellular vesicle engineering and therapeutic design
Wang, Y., Meng, Q., Li, H., Zhang, B., & Xing, D. (2026) · Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids · doi:10.20517/evcna.2026.159
Yu, H., Liu, Y., Yin, S., Hu, H., Li, L., Zhu, T., Liu, J., Liu, S., Zhao, C., & Feng, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2026.1960271
Jacob, S., Varkey, N. R., Rao, R., Shinu, P., & Khanam, R. (2026) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics18101314
Liu, Y., Wang, X., Chen, Z., Xu, P., Yao, C., Zhang, Z., Mao, H., Shi, Z., Li, Z., & Fan, L. (2026) · Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids · doi:10.20517/evcna.2026.103
Nanovesicle-hybridized hydrogels: construction, functionalization, and biomedical applications
Li, Q., Pan, B., Chang, H., Xu, Z., Wu, F., & Pang, Y. (2026) · Science China Materials · doi:10.1007/s40843-026-4384-9
Metadata
- Authors
- Richter, M., Vader, P., & Fuhrmann, G.
- Affiliations
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (DE)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Fuhrmann, Gregor
- Venue
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 173
- Pages
- 416-426
- ISSN
- 0169-409X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3150047560
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 3.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- dspace.library.uu.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HZI (Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes eV
- European Research Council
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung Dienststelle Berlin
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Keywords
- extracellular vesicles, surface engineering, outer membrane vesicles, bacterial vesicles, vesicle isolation, metabolic engineering, drug delivery, therapeutic vesicles, intercellular communication
- MeSH terms
- Extracellular Vesicles, Animals, Cell Communication, Humans, Surface Properties, Tissue Engineering
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
