Cited by 258Extracellular vesicles in diseaseNanoparticle-Based Drug DeliveryRNA Interference and Gene Delivery

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Approaches to surface engineering of extracellular vesicles

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Richter, Maximilian, Vader, Pieter, Fuhrmann, Gregor·2021·Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.020

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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles that are important mediators in intercellular communication. This function makes them auspicious candidates for therapeutic and drug-delivery applications. Among EVs, mammalian cell derived EVs and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by gram-negative bacteria are the most investigated candidates for pharmaceutical applications. To further optimize their performance and to utilize their natural abilities, researchers have strived to equip EVs with new moieties on their surface while preserving the integrity of the vesicles. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of techniques that can be used to introduce these moieties to the vesicle surface. Approaches can be classified in regards to whether they take place before or after the isolation of EVs. The producing cells can be subjected to genetic manipulation or metabolic engineering to produce surface modified vesicles or EVs are engineered after their isolation by physical or chemical means. Here, the advantages and disadvantages of these processes and their applicability for the development of EVs as therapeutic agents are discussed.

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Authors: Richter, M., Vader, P., & Fuhrmann, G.
Affiliations: Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (DE)
University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
Corresponding author: Fuhrmann, Gregor
ORCID: Richter, Maximilian
Vader, Pieter
Fuhrmann, Gregor
Venue: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-06
Volume: 173
Pages: 416-426
ISSN: 0169-409X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.020
OpenAlex: W3150047560
Cited by: 258
References: 109
Citations by year: 2026: 46 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 6
FWCI: 3.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
dspace.library.uu.nl
Licence: other-oa
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
HZI (Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes eV
European Research Council
Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung Dienststelle Berlin
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Keywords: extracellular vesicles, surface engineering, outer membrane vesicles, bacterial vesicles, vesicle isolation, metabolic engineering, drug delivery, therapeutic vesicles, intercellular communication
MeSH terms: Extracellular Vesicles, Animals, Cell Communication, Humans, Surface Properties, Tissue Engineering

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