Fusobacterium nucleatum carcinogenesis and drug delivery interventions
Open accessAbstract
The microbiome has emerged as a significant biomarker and modulator in cancer development and treatment response. Recent research highlights the notable role of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in various tumor types, including breast, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and lung cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that the local microbial community forms an integral component of the tumor microenvironment, with bacterial communities within tumors displaying specificity to tumor types. Mechanistic investigations indicate that tumor-associated microbiota can directly influence tumor initiation, progression, and responses to chemotherapy or immunotherapy. This article presents a comprehensive review of microbial communities especially F. nucleatum in tumor tissue, exploring their roles and underlying mechanisms in tumor development, treatment, and prevention. When the tumor-associated F. nucleatum is killed, the host immune response is activated to recognize tumor cells. Bacteria epitopes restricted by the host antigens, can be identified for future anti-bacteria/tumor vaccine development.
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Phage-mediated targeting of Fusobacterium nucleatum reduces protumorigenic inflammation in preclinical models.
“phage-mediated targeting of F. nucleatum has been shown to reduce protumorigenic inflammation and enhance chemotherapy responsiveness in preclinical models [67]”
From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [67]
The Phage drug delivery system section (page unavailable) reports that phage targeting of F. nucleatum suppressed recruitment of immunosuppressive cells in animal colorectal-tumor experiments. It also reports improved outcomes when the phage-based treatment was combined with chemotherapy. It does not report a measured reduction in protumorigenic inflammation; that wording extends the reported immune-microenvironment finding. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPhage-mediated targeting of Fusobacterium nucleatum enhances chemotherapy responsiveness in preclinical models.
“phage-mediated targeting of F. nucleatum has been shown to reduce protumorigenic inflammation and enhance chemotherapy responsiveness in preclinical models [67]”
From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [67]
The Phage drug delivery system section reports that an F. nucleatum-targeting phage formulation improved the effects of first-line chemotherapy on colorectal tumors, and describes supporting animal experiments. It also reports reduced recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, but does not establish that the treatment reduced protumorigenic inflammation specifically. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPhage-mediated targeting of F. nucleatum in colorectal cancer models reduces tumor burden, attenuates protumorigenic inflammation, and enhances responsiveness to chemotherapy.
“phage-mediated targeting of F. nucleatum in colorectal cancer models has been shown to reduce tumor burden, attenuate protumorigenic inflammation, and enhance responsiveness to chemotherapy [51,67]”
From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [67]
The “Phage drug delivery system” section (page unavailable) reports that an F. nucleatum-targeting M13 phage–silver nanoparticle treatment inhibited tumor cells and improved colorectal tumor treatment when combined with chemotherapy. It also reports reduced recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, but does not show that the phage treatment attenuated protumorigenic inflammation specifically. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment
Mutalik, V. K., Inman, J. L., Chang, H., Arkin, A., & Mao, J.-H. (2026) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2026.02.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chen, Z., & Huang, L.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Leaf
- Venue
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-06
- Volume
- 209
- Pages
- 115319
- ISSN
- 0169-409X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11459907
- OpenAlex
- W4394985075
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7
- FWCI
- 1.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 332 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute
- National Institutes of Health (T32-CA196589-08)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Cancer Research and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- Fusobacterium nucleatum, gut microbiota, tumor microbiome, carcinogenesis, tumor microenvironment, cancer immunotherapy, chemotherapy response, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, drug delivery
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Neoplasms, Drug Delivery Systems, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tumor Microenvironment, Carcinogenesis
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