In vitro and ex vivo strategies for intracellular delivery
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of materials has become a critical component of genome-editing approaches, ex vivo cell-based therapies, and a diversity of fundamental research applications. Limitations of current technologies motivate development of next-generation systems that can deliver a broad variety of cargo to diverse cell types. Here we review in vitro and ex vivo intracellular delivery approaches with a focus on mechanisms, challenges and opportunities. In particular, we emphasize membrane-disruption-based delivery methods and the transformative role of nanotechnology, microfluidics and laboratory-on-chip technology in advancing the field.
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Difficulties such as a lack of consistent and reliable methods for exosome purification and the efficient encapsulation of large mRNAs into exosomes must be addressed.
“However, difficulties such as a lack of consistent and reliable methods for exosome purification and the efficient encapsulation of large mRNAs into exosomes must be addressed.”
From Exosome for mRNA delivery: Strategies and therapeutic applications (2024) · cites this paper as [91]
Using exosome-based mRNA delivery systems has several limitations, such as technical difficulties in generating exosomes loaded with RNA.
“However, using exosome-based mRNA delivery systems has several limitations, such as the technical difficulties in generating exosomes loaded with RNA [91].”
From Exosome for mRNA delivery: Strategies and therapeutic applications (2024) · cites this paper as [91]
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- Authors
- Stewart, M. P., Sharei, A., Ding, X., Sahay, G., Langer, R., & Jensen, K. F.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jensen, Klavs F.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2016-10
- Volume
- 538
- Issue
- 7624
- Pages
- 183-192
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2531550383
- Cited by
- 885
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 117 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 7.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Keywords
- intracellular delivery, membrane damage, cytosolic delivery, nanotechnology, microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip, genome editing, ex vivo cell therapy, macromolecule delivery, mammalian cells
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Membrane, Humans, Transfection, Drug Delivery Systems, Nanotechnology, Intracellular Space, Microfluidics, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, In Vitro Techniques
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