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Gratitude and subjective well‐being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences
Abstract
Gratitude was examined among 154 students to identify benefits from its experience and expression. Students completed measures of subjective well‐being, social support, prosocial behavior, and physical symptoms. Positive associations were found between gratitude and positive affect, global and domain specific life satisfaction, optimism, social support, and prosocial behavior; most relations remained even after controlling for positive affect. Gratitude demonstrated a negative relation with physical symptoms, but not with negative affect. Relational fulfillment mediated the relation between gratitude and physical symptoms. Gratitude demonstrated strong relations with the following positive affects: proud, hopeful, inspired, forgiving, and excited. The relation between gratitude and family support was moderated by gender, indicating that boys, compared with girls, appear to derive more social benefits from gratitude. Strengths, limitations, and implications are discussed.
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“Research has also linked increases in gratitude—the state of positive reflection and appreciation—to improved positive affect, life satisfaction, improved social relationships, as well as lower suicidal ideation and suicide attempts [22,23].”
From Feasibility and effectiveness of a web-based positive psychology program for youth mental health: Randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as [23]
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InfluentialThe relationship between Gratitude and Life satisfaction in a sample of Spanish university students
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“The results from some research work show that scores differ by gender (Froh et al., 2009).”
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“Froh et al. (2009), informaron que las niñas, en promedio, presentan niveles ligeramente elevados de gratitud (M = 12.41, SD = 2.39) en comparación con los varones (M= 11.67, SD = 2.55).”
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“These data confirm that besides its connection with R/S struggles, gratitude positively relates to life satisfaction (Büssing et al. 2018; Fagley 2012; Froh et al. 2009a, 2009b).”
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“2005), promotes optimism (Emmons and McCullough 2003; Froh et al. 2009), helps individuals prevent depression and stress (Wood et al.”
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“In a study conducted by Froh, Yukewicz and Kashdan [50], gratitude was observed to present a robust relationship with school satisfaction.”
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“Experimental studies among student populations which used different gratitude activities such as counting one’s blessings and writing thank-you letters have resulted in higher levels of gratitude, well-being and life satisfaction (Froh et al., 2008).”
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“Froh, Yurkewicz, and Kashdan (2009) stated that females experienced and expressed gratitude more than male did.”
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“These data are similar to those reported in the international literature, in which there are no important differences (Casas et al. 2015; Froh et al., 2009; Gilman & Huebner, 2006; Huebner et al., 2000; Huebner et al., 2004), but they differ from those that indicate that female students have higher SWL than male stude…”
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Positive Psychology and Subjective Well-Being Homeostasis: A Critical Examination of Congruence
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“It was found that adolescents who experience high positive affects have high life satisfaction (Garcia and Siddiqui, 2009; Rose, 2008; Froh et al., 2009; Telef, 2013; Veronese et al., 2012).”
Fadiji, A. W., & Somhlaba, N. Z. (2017) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-017-9495-2 · Cited by 18
OXTR rs53576 genotype and gender predict trait gratitude
Witvliet, C. V., Luna, L. M. R., VanderStoep, J., Vlisides‐Henry, R. D., Gonzalez, T., & Griffin, G. D. (2018) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2018.1460689 · Cited by 17
Fengqin, D. I. N. G., & Huying, Z. H. A. O. (2018) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2018.01749 · Cited by 19
Mohandas, N. P., Binoy, A. K., Joseph, G., & Suma, R. (2021) · Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1108/jarhe-10-2020-0372 · Cited by 23
A little appreciation goes a long way: gratitude reduces objectification
Shi, J., Wang, X., Teng, F., & Chen, Z. (2022) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2022.2053877 · Cited by 18
“Gratitude is associated with perceived support from peers and family members (Froh et al., 2009a, 2009b), and predicts increased relationship commitment, quality, maintenance, and satisfaction between the benefactors and the gift recipients (Algoe et al., 2008; Joel et al., 2013; Kubacka et al.,…”
Does the Thought Count? Gratitude Understanding in Elementary School Students
Poelker, K. E., & Kuebli, J. E. (2014) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2014.941321 · Cited by 17
“Froh, Yurkewicz, and Kashdan (2009) studied over 150 early adolescents (11–13 years old) and found that girls indicated feeling higher levels of gratitude than did boys.”
Adaptation of Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ–6) in Indonesian Context
Grimaldy, D. V., & Haryanto, H. C. (2020) · Jurnal Psikologi · doi:10.22146/jpsi.39608 · Cited by 17
Serlachius, A., Schache, K., Boggiss, A., Lim, D., Wallace-Boyd, K., Brenton-Peters, J., Buttenshaw, E., Chadd, S., Cavadino, A., Cao, N., et al. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/23716 · Cited by 17
“The seven modules and skills included in the app have all previously demonstrated efficacy for young people and as individual eHealth interventions: (1) identifying and rating emotions [20], (2) relaxation [19], (3) self-compassion [29,30], (4) gratitude [31,32], (5) staying connected [33,34], (6) physical care [35,36…”
Trom, P., & Burke, J. (2021) · Coaching An International Journal of Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/17521882.2021.1936585 · Cited by 24
Strategies for Cultivating Purpose Among Adolescents in Clinical Settings
Bronk, K. C., & Mangan, S. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41397-6_20 · Cited by 18
Xu, M. K., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1510543 · Cited by 29
Reinert, K. G., Campbell, J. C., Bandeen‐Roche, K., Sharps, P. W., & Lee, J. W. (2015) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/jnu.12144 · Cited by 20
“Additionally, as expected, women had higher levels of baseline gratitude than men (Froh et al., 2009).”
Wu, R., Huebner, E. S., & Tian, L. (2020) · School Psychology · doi:10.1037/spq0000358 · Cited by 16
Ginty, A. T., Tyra, A. T., Young, D. A., John‐Henderson, N. A., Gallagher, S. M., & Tsang, J.-A. C. (2020) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.10.005 · Cited by 19
Yang, J., Wei, D., Wang, K., Yi, Z., & Qiu, J. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.017 · Cited by 15
“People with a higher level of gratitude also report a lower level of narcissism and greater perceived peer and family support (Farwell and Wohlwend‐Lloyd, 1998; Froh et al., 2009).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Froh, J. J., Yurkewicz, C., & Kashdan, T. B.
- Affiliations
- Hofstra University (US)
- St. John's University Department of Psychology SB36 Marillac Hall, 8000 Utopia Parkway Jamaica NY 11439 USA
- George Mason University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Froh, Jeffrey J.
- ORCID
- Kashdan, Todd B.
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescence
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-08-29
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 633-650
- ISSN
- 0140-1971 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9254
- OpenAlex
- W2124143987
- Cited by
- 494
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 8.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (Grant MH‐73937)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- gratitude, subjective well-being, early adolescence, gender differences, positive affect, life satisfaction, optimism, social support, prosocial behavior, somatic symptoms, family support, positive emotions
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Affect, Age Factors, Attitude, Child, Female, Helping Behavior, Humans, Male, Personal Satisfaction, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Social Support
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