Cross-cultural validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21 in China.

Wang, Kui; Shi, Hai-Song; Geng, Fu-Lei; Zou, Lai-Quan; Tan, Shu-Ping; Wang, Yi; Neumann, David L.; Shum, David H. K.; Chan, Raymond C. K.

doi:10.1037/pas0000207

Cited by 635Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and TestingMental Health Treatment and Access

Cross-cultural validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21 in China.

Wang, Kui, Shi, Hai-Song, Geng, Fu-Lei, Zou, Lai-Quan, Tan, Shu-Ping, Wang, Yi, Neumann, David L., Shum, David H. K. +1 more·2016·Psychological Assessment

DOI 10.1037/pas0000207

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Abstract

The gap between the demand and delivery of mental health services in mainland China can be reduced by validating freely available and psychometrically sound psychological instruments. The present research examined the Chinese version of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Study 1 administered the DASS-21 to 1,815 Chinese college students and found internal consistency indices (Cronbach's alpha) of .83, .80, and .82 for the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress subscales, respectively, and .92 for the total DASS total. Test-retest reliability over a 6-month interval was .39 to .46 for each of the 3 subscales and .46 for the total DASS. Moderate convergent validity of the Depression and Anxiety subscales was demonstrated via significant correlations with the Chinese Beck Depression Inventory (r = .51 at Time 1 and r = .64 at Time 2) and the Chinese State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (r = .41), respectively. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the original 3-factor model with 1 minor change (nonnormed fit index [NNFI] = .964, comparative fit index [CFI] = .968, and root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .079). Study 2 examined the clinical utility of the Chinese DASS-21 in 166 patients with schizophrenia and 90 matched healthy controls. Patients had higher Depression and Anxiety but not Stress subscale scores than healthy controls. A discriminant function composed of the linear combination of 3 subscale scores correctly discriminated 69.92% of participants, which again supported the potential clinical utility of the DASS in mainland China. Taken together, findings in these studies support the cross-cultural validity of the DASS-21 in China. (PsycINFO Database Record

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The Chinese version of DASS-21 demonstrated satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity and internal consistency in SSDs.
“The Chinese version of DASS-21 demonstrated satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity (r = 0.41 to 0.51), internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.86, 0.78 and 0.87 for the depression, anxiety and stress subscales, respectively, and 0.94 for the total scale score) in SSDs.56”
From Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychotic Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Mediating Roles of Rumination and Negative Emotion (2022) · cites this paper as [56]

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Authors: Wang, K., Shi, H.-S., Geng, F.-L., Zou, L.-Q., Tan, S.-P., Wang, Y., Neumann, D. L., Shum, D. H. K., & Chan, R. C. K.
Affiliations: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
North China Electric Power University (CN)
Griffith University (AU)
ORCID: Wang, Kui
Wang, Yi
Neumann, David L.
Shum, David H. K.
Chan, Raymond C. K.
Venue: Psychological Assessment
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2016-05
Volume: 28
Issue: 5
Pages: e88-e100
ISSN: 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
1939-134X
DOI: 10.1037/pas0000207
OpenAlex: W2275562271
Cited by: 635
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 72 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 102 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5
FWCI: 20.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (submittedVersion)
The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Key Technologies (2012BAI36B01)
Sponsor name not included (Z151100000315020)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-J-8, KLMH2014ZG09)
CAS
Griffith University (213507)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (31200775)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: DASS, DASS-21, Chinese version, cross-cultural validation, psychometric properties, depression, anxiety, stress, schizophrenia, university students, factor structure, discriminant function
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, China, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Depression, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Schizophrenia, Stress, Psychological, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult

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Cross-cultural validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21 in China.

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