Locally produced wood biochar increases nutrient retention and availability in agricultural soils of the San Juan Islands, USA

Gao, S.; Hoffman-Krull, K.; Bidwell, A.L.; DeLuca, T.H.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2016.08.028

Cited by 141Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsAgricultural Science and FertilizationPlant Growth and Agriculture Techniques

Locally produced wood biochar increases nutrient retention and availability in agricultural soils of the San Juan Islands, USA

Gao, S., Hoffman-Krull, K., Bidwell, A.L., DeLuca, T.H.·2016·Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2016.08.028

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Abstract

Biochar additions to agricultural soil have been shown to result in numerous potential benefits; however, most studies have been conducted in greenhouse or laboratory trials with few being conducted in the field and particularly in association with organic farming systems. Herein, we address this gap by conducting on-farm studies on the efficacy of locally produced biochar as a soil amendment in small-scale organic agriculture on ten farms in San Juan County, WA. Biochar produced from local timber harvest residues in the San Juan Islands was applied in factorial combination with a poultry litter based fertilizer to replicated plots on all ten farms. Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown on eight of the farms with green beans and cauliflower being grown on the other two. Soils were examined for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) pools during the growing season. Dry bean samples were evaluated for metal and nutrient uptake. Biochar additions increased soil total C by 32–33%, soil available NH4+ by 45–54% through mid-season, pontentially mineralizable N by 48–110%, and citrate extractable P by 29%; biochar additions enhanced soil NO3−-N, NH4+-N, and P retention in the rooting zone by 33%, 53% and 39% respectively. Increased availability of soil P, Fe, Mg, Zn was reflected in the nutrient concentration of harvested dry beans. Our study demonstrates that locally produced wood biochar has the potential to increase soil nutrient availability and uptake. By producing biochar from timber harvest residues and applying them on neighboring organic farms on the San Juan Islands, WA, this study leveraged the local resources and community readiness to drive forest restoration and sustainable agricultural practices in addition to the demonstrated potential short-term benefits of biochar additions for organic farms on the sandy soils of the San Juan Islands.

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Addition of biochar increased NO3--N and NH4+-N retention in soil by 33 and 53%, respectively.
“For instance, Gao et al. (2016) reported that addition of biochar increased NO3 --N and NH4 + -N retention in soil by 33 and 53%, respectively.”
From Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant (2020) · cites this paper as Gao et al. 2016

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Fernandes, B. C. C., Mendes, K. F., Júnior, A. F. D., Caldeira, V. P. S., Teófilo, T. M. D. S., Silva, T. S., Mendonça, V., Souza, M. D. F., & Silva, D. V. (2020) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma13245841 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Wood biochar impacts soil phosphorus dynamics and microbial communities in organically-managed croplands
Gao, S., & DeLuca, T. H. (2018) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.09.002 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
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Promoting soil health in organically managed systems: a review
Tully, K. L., & McAskill, C. P. (2019) · Organic Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s13165-019-00275-1 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Microwave assisted and conventional pyrolysis of MDF – Characterization of the produced biochars
Haeldermans, T., Claesen, J., Maggen, J., Carleer, R., Yperman, J., Adriaensens, P., Samyn, P., Vandamme, D., Cuypers, A., Vanreppelen, K., et al. (2018) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2018.12.027 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
RETRACTED: Enhancing cation and anion exchange capacity of rice straw biochar by chemical modification for increased plant nutrient retention
Dey, S., Purakayastha, T. J., Sarkar, B., Rinklebe, J., Kumar, S., Chakraborty, R., Datta, A., Lal, K., & Shivay, Y. S. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163681 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
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Biochar alleviated the toxic effects of PVC microplastic in a soil-plant system by upregulating soil enzyme activities and microbial abundance
Khalid, A. R., Shah, T. M., Asad, M., Ali, A., Samee, E., Adnan, F., Bhatti, M. F., Marhan, S., Kammann, C. I., & Haider, G. (2023) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121810 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Influence of Biochar on Soil Nutrient Transformations, Nutrient Leaching, and Crop Yield
DeLuca, T. H. (2016) · Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research · doi:10.15406/apar.2016.04.00150 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
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Biochar-enhanced composts reduce the potential leaching of nutrients and heavy metals and suppress plant-parasitic nematodes in excessively fertilized cucumber soils
Cao, Y., Gao, Y., Yan-bin, Q., & Li, J. (2017) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-017-1061-4 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Biochar improves the nutrient cycle in sandy-textured soils and increases crop yield: a systematic review
Bekchanova, M., Campion, L., Bruns, S. B., Kuppens, T. E., Lehmann, J. C., Jozefczak, M., Cuypers, A., & Malina, R. M. (2024) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-024-00326-5 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Biochar effects on nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies of zucchini plants grown in a calcareous sandy soil
Amin, A. E.-E. A. Z., & Eissa, M. A. (2017) · Journal of soil science and plant nutrition · doi:10.4067/s0718-95162017000400006 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Application of biochar and inorganic phosphorus fertilizer influenced rhizosphere soil characteristics, nodule formation and phytoconstituents of cowpea grown on tropical soil
Phares, C. A., Atiah, K., Frimpong, K. A., Danquah, A., Asare, A. T., & Woananu, S. E. E. A. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05255 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Towards predicting biochar impacts on plant-available soil nitrogen content
Phillips, C. L., Meyer, K. M., García‐Jaramillo, M., Weidman, C., Stewart, C. E., Wanzek, T. A., Grusak, M. A., Watts, D. W., Novak, J. M., & Trippe, K. M. (2022) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-022-00137-2 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Effect of foliar application of Fe and banana peel waste biochar on growth, chlorophyll content and accessory pigments synthesis in spinach under chromium (IV) toxicity
Danish, S., Tahir, F. A., Rasheed, M. K., Ahmad, N., Ali, M. A., Kiran, S., Younis, U., Irshad, I., & Butt, B. Z. (2019) · Open Agriculture · doi:10.1515/opag-2019-0034 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Effect of biochar on the presence of nutrients and ryegrass growth in the soil from an abandoned indigenous coking site: The potential role of biochar in the revegetation of contaminated site
Zhang, G., Guo, X., Zhu, Y., Han, Z., He, Q., & Zhang, F. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.218 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Biochar co‐compost improves nitrogen retention and reduces carbon emissions in a winter wheat cropping system
Gao, S., Harrison, B. P., Thao, T., Gonzales, M. L., An, D., Ghezzehei, T. A., Dı́az, G., & Ryals, R. A. (2023) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.13028 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
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Effect of biochar application on the content of nutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P) and amino acids in subsequently growing spinach and mustard
Zemanová, V., Břendová, K., Pavlı́ková, D., Kubátová, P., & Tlustoš, P. (2017) · Plant Soil and Environment · doi:10.17221/318/2017-pse · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Influence of surface chemistry of carbon materials on their interactions with inorganic nitrogen contaminants in soil and water
Sumaraj, & Padhye, L. P. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.021 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Biochar alters nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in a western rangeland ecosystem
Gao, S., & DeLuca, T. H. (2020) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107868 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
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Application of biochar in microbial fuel cells: Characteristic performances, electron-transfer mechanism, and environmental and economic assessments
Zhao, S., Wang, X., Wang, Q., Sumpradit, T., Khan, A., Zhou, J. J., Salama, E., Li, X., & Qu, J. (2023) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115643 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China
Zheng, Y., Han, X., Li, Y., Liu, S., Ji, J., & Tong, Y.-X. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66300-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
A sustainable option: Biochar addition can improve soil phosphorus retention and rice yield in a saline–alkaline soil
Wu, L., Zhang, S., Chen, M., Liu, J., & Ding, X. (2021) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2021.102070 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Environment-friendly nitrogen management practices in wetland paddy cultivation
Alam, M. S., Khanam, M., & Rahman, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2023.1020570 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Biochar amendment of fluvio‐glacial temperate sandy subsoil: Effects on maize water uptake, growth and physiology
Ahmed, F., Arthur, E., Plauborg, F., Razzaghi, F., Sørensen, K. K., & Andersen, M. N. (2017) · Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science · doi:10.1111/jac.12252 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Unlocking biochar impacts on abiotic stress dynamics: a systematic review of soil quality and crop improvement
Rathinapriya, P., Maharajan, T., Jothi, R., Prabakaran, M., Lee, I. B., Yi, P.-H., & Jeong, S. T. (2025) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1479925 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Soil biochemical properties and crop productivity following application of locally produced biochar at organic farms on Waldron Island, WA
Gao, S., Hoffman-Krull, K., & DeLuca, T. H. (2017) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-017-0379-9 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
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Formulation of Biochar-Based Phosphorus Fertilizer and Its Impact on Both Soil Properties and Chickpea Growth Performance
Wali, F., Naveed, M., Bashir, M. A., Asif, M., Ahmad, Z., Alkahtani, J., Alwahibi, M. S., & Elshikh, M. S. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12229528 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Impact of biochar on soil characteristics and temporal greenhouse gas emissions: A field study from southern Canada
Mechler, M. A. A., Jiang, R. W., Silverthorn, T., & Oelbermann, M. (2018) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.08.019 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Impact of rice straw biochar and irrigation on maize yield, intercepted radiation and water productivity in a tropical sandy clay loam
Danso, E. O., Yakubu, A., Kugblenu, Y. O., Arthur, E., Manevski, K., Sabi, E. B., Abenney‐Mickson, S., Ofori, K., Plauborg, F., & Andersen, M. N. (2019) · Field Crops Research · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107628 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Biochar’s effect on the ecosystem services provided by sandy-textured and contaminated sandy soils: a systematic review protocol
Bekchanova, M., Campion, L., Bruns, S. B., Kuppens, T. E., Jozefczak, M., Cuypers, A., & Malina, R. M. (2021) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-021-00223-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Short-term impact of fire-deposited charcoal on soil microbial community abundance and composition in a subtropical plantation in China
Wang, Y., Zheng, J., Liu, X., Yan, Q., & Hu, Y. (2019) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.113992 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Improving properties of soy protein–based hydrogel composites by incorporating bamboo biochar towards slow release and water retention of fertilizers and enhanced plant growth
Liang, J., Zhao, Z., Xing, M., Wang, X., Dong, Y., Yang, Y., Du, N., Gu, H., Meng, L., Peng, W., et al. (2024) · Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials · doi:10.1007/s42114-024-01114-y · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Biochar and Manure Co-Application Increases Rice Yield in Low Productive Acid Soil by Increasing Soil pH, Organic Carbon, and Nutrient Retention and Availability
Liang, D., Ning, Y., Ji, C., Zhang, Y., Wu, H., Ma, H., Zhang, J., & Wang, J. (2024) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants13070973 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Boosting soil health and crop nutrients with locally sourced biochar and compost in Sacramento urban agriculture
Gao, S., Medina, M., Gonzalez-Ospina, L., Burce, K., Burce, K., & Melbourne, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2025.1546426 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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Ameliorative roles of biochar-based fertilizer on morpho-physiological traits, nutrient uptake and yield in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under water stress
Zheng, J., Wang, S., Wang, R., Chen, Y., Siddique, K. H. M., Xia, G., & Chi, D. (2021) · Agricultural Water Management · doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107129 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Biochar-assisted remediation of contaminated soils under changing climate
Hameed, R., Abbas, A., Khan, I. A., Balooch, S., Iqbal, B., Nazir, M. M., Tariq, M. U., Noreen, S., Akbar, R., & Li, G. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21562-9.00015-3 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Rangeland application of biochar and rotational grazing interact to influence soil and plant nutrient dynamics
Gao, S., & DeLuca, T. H. (2021) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115572 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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Long-Term Field Biochar Application for Rice Production: Effects on Soil Nutrient Supply, Carbon Sequestration, Crop Yield and Grain Minerals
Xu, Q., Wang, J., Liu, Q., Chen, Z., Jin, P., Du, J., Fan, J., Yin, W., Xie, Z., & Wang, X. (2022) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy12081924 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Preparation and Characterization of Biochar from Rice Straw and Its Application in Soil Remediation
El-Hassanin, A. S., Samak, M. R., Radwan, S. R., & El-Chaghaby, G. A. (2020) · Environment and Natural Resources Journal · doi:10.32526/ennrj.18.3.2020.27 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Enhancing phosphorus transformation in typical reddish paddy soil from China: Insights on long-term straw return and pig manure application via microbial mechanisms
Xiao, J., Zhang, J., Li, P., Tang, Y., Lu, Y., Liao, Y., & Nie, J. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173513 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The factors affecting biochar application in restoring heavy metal-polluted soil and its potential applications
Xu, M., Wu, J., Luo, L., Yang, G. L., Zhang, X., Peng, H., Yu, X., & Wang, L. (2017) · Chemistry and Ecology · doi:10.1080/02757540.2017.1404992 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Effects of Hardwood Biochar on Soil Acidity, Nutrient Dynamics, and Sweet Corn Productivity
Cole, E. J., Zandvakili, O. R., Xing, B., Hashemi, M., Barker, A. V., & Herbert, S. J. (2019) · Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis · doi:10.1080/00103624.2019.1632343 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The Concurrent Application of Phosphogypsum and Modified Biochar as Soil Amendments Influence Sandy Soil Quality and Wheat Productivity
Elbagory, M., Shaker, E. M., El-Nahrawy, S., Omara, A. E.-D., & Khalifa, T. H. (2024) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants13111492 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Biochar effects on soil nitrogen retention, leaching and yield of perennial citron daylily under three irrigation regimes
Sun, X., Yang, X., Hu, Z., Liu, F., Xie, Z., Li, S., Wang, G., Li, M., Sun, Z., & Bol, R. A. (2024) · Agricultural Water Management · doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108788 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Effect of Consecutive Application of Phosphorus-Enriched Biochar with Different Levels of P on Growth Performance of Maize for Two Successive Growing Seasons
Wali, F., Sardar, S., Naveed, M., Asif, M., Nezhad, M. T. K., Baig, K. S., Bashir, M., & Mustafa, A. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14041987 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Effects of rice-husk biochar on sand-based rootzone amendment and creeping bentgrass growth
Li, X., Chen, X., Weber-Siwirska, M., Cao, J., & Wang, Z. (2018) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2018.09.001 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The use of biologically based phosphorus fractions to evaluate soil P availability in reduced P‐input paddy soils
Yuan, J., Wang, L., Wang, S., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Chen, H.-Y., & Zhu, W. (2018) · Soil Use and Management · doi:10.1111/sum.12430 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Remediation of microplastics-contaminated agricultural soils by unmodified and modified biochar derived from Solidago canadensis L.
Iqbal, B., Nazir, M. J., Lou, J., Wang, Y., Jho, E. H., Ye, M., Sun, M., Raheem, A., Inamullah, Memon, M. S., et al. (2025) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2025.107153 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Woodchips biochar versus bone char in a one‐year model soil incubation experiment: the importance of soil/char pH alteration on nutrient availability in soil
Száková, J., Stiborová, H., Mercl, F., Hailegnaw, N. S., Lhotka, M., Derevyankina, T., Paul, C. S., Taisheva, A., Brabec, M., & Tlustoš, P. (2023) · Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1002/jctb.7421 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Interactive effects of charcoal and earthworm activity increase bioavailable phosphorus in sub-boreal forest soils
Pingree, M. R. A., Makoto, K., & DeLuca, T. H. (2017) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-017-1227-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Use of microdialysis to assess short-term soil soluble N dynamics with biochar additions
Gao, S., & DeLuca, T. H. (2019) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.06.008 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Biochar-induced soil phosphate sorption and availability depend on soil properties: a microcosm study
Zheng, X., Wu, J., Yan, X., Qin, G., Zhou, R., & Wei, Z. (2020) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-020-02713-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Use of Biochar in Organic Farming
DeLuca, T. H., & Gao, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04657-6_3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Overlooked impacts of manganese oxides in biochar sustainable stability: Coupled redox performance and aging mechanisms
Guo, Y., Wang, R., Wang, H., Li, Y., Hu, C., Yan, K., Chen, Q., Zhou, C., & Ma, D. (2024) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2024.115074 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Optimization of biochar preparation process and carbon sequestration effect of pruned wolfberry branches
Yu, J., Song, M., & Li, Z. (2022) · Green Processing and Synthesis · doi:10.1515/gps-2022-0044 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The utility of biochar for increasing the fertility of new agricultural lands converted from boreal forests
Abedin, J., & Unc, A. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1139/cjss-2021-0002 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dark septate endophyte inoculation improved Pb phytoremediation of Jatropha curcas and Reutealis trisperma on gold mine tailings
Marfuah, D. S., Hamım, H., Sulıstyanıngsıh, Y. C., Surono, S., Setyaningsih, L., & Saprudin, D. (2023) · Bioremediation Journal · doi:10.1080/10889868.2023.2279194 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Framework to improve sustainability of agriculture in small islands: The case ofPistacia veraL. cultivation in Aegina, Greece
Komnitsas, K., & Doula, M. K. (2017) · Environmental Forensics · doi:10.1080/15275922.2017.1340370 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Biochar alters the morphology of plant roots to enable optimized and reduced nitrogen fertilizer applications
Zhu, X., Chen, L., Kong, X., Bao, S., Wu, S., Fang, L., & Shen, Y. (2023) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-023-06154-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Enhancing Corn Yield and Soil Quality in Irrigated Semiarid Region with Coal Char and Biochar Amendments
Thapa, R. B., Budhathoki, S., Shilpakar, C., Panday, D., Alsunuse, B. T. B., Tang, S. X., & Stahl, P. D. (2024) · Soil Systems · doi:10.3390/soilsystems8030082 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Organic Materials Promote Soil Phosphorus Cycling: Metagenomic Analysis
Yang, W., Jiang, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, W., Liu, X., Jin, Y., Li, S., Qu, J., & Zhu, Y. (2025) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy15071693 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Screening Major Properties of Biochar Affecting Acid Soil Amelioration Based on Pot Experiments and Random Forest Model
Ke, X., Wang, Y., Liu, M., Yun, Z., Bian, R., Cheng, K., Liu, X., Zheng, J., Zhang, X., Li, L., et al. (2022) · Journal of soil science and plant nutrition · doi:10.1007/s42729-022-01010-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Biochar Applied with Inorganic Nitrogen Improves Soil Carbon, Nitrate and Ammonium Content of a Sandy Loam Temperate Soil
Omara, P., Aula, L., Otim, F., Obia, A., Souza, J. L. B., & Arnall, D. B. (2022) · Nitrogen · doi:10.3390/nitrogen3010007 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Biochar-Poultry Manure Compost Alters Temperature and Nitrogen Dynamics during Composting and Improves Potato Growth Following Field Application
Stacey, N., Tea, T., Seefeldt, S. S., Bary, A. I., & Collins, D. (2024) · Compost Science & Utilization · doi:10.1080/1065657x.2024.2366795 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Greenhouse Evaluation of Pinewood Biochar Effects on Nutrient Status and Physiological Performance in Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia L.)
Chang, Y., Rossi, L. G., Zotarelli, L., Gao, B., & Sarkhosh, A. (2021) · HortScience · doi:10.21273/hortsci15428-20 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Influence of fire retardant and pyrogenic carbon on microscale changes in soil nitrogen and phosphorus
Gao, S., & DeLuca, T. H. (2021) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-020-00746-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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Biochar Application for Soil Quality Improvement: An Overview
Hassan, A., Ali, S., Baloch, S. B., Naheed, F., Amjad, E., Saeed, Q., Naveed, M., & Mustafa, A. (2024) · Environmental sciences · doi:10.5772/intechopen.114192 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Exploring the effects of one-time biochar application with low dosage on soil health in temperate climates
Jiang, R. W., Mechler, M. A. A., & Oelbermann, M. (2023) · Soil Security · doi:10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100101 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Permaculture Management of Arable Soil Increases Soil Microbial Abundance, Nutrients, and Carbon Stocks Compared to Conventional Agriculture
Williamson, R., Reay, M. K., & Sgouridis, F. (2024) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy14071446 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Residual effect of biochar and saw dust powder on carbon and total nitrogen contents in Yellow Latosol in Amazonia
Guimarães, R. D. S., Padilha, F. D. J., Cedano, J. C. C., Damaceno, J. B. D., Weber, H., da Gama, R. T., de Oliveira, D. M., Teixeira, W. G., & Falção, N. P. D. S. (2017) · Revista Virtual de Química · doi:10.21577/1984-6835.20170114 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Açaí Biochar and Compost Affect the Phosphorus Sorption, Nutrient Availability, and Growth of Dioclea apurensis in Iron Mining Soil
Ramos, S. J., Pinto, D. A., Guedes, R. S., Dias, Y. N., Caldeira, C. F., Gastauer, M., Filho, P. W. M. E. S., & Fernandes, A. R. (2021) · Minerals · doi:10.3390/min11070674 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Biochar has positive but distinct impacts on root, shoot, and fruit production in beans, tomatoes, and willows
Sheffield, S. B., Hoefer, T. A., & Petersen, J. E. (2024) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2024.1346529 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Biochar and micronutrients availability: problem and future prospects
Mashwani, Z., Younas, Z., Rahman, U., Ikram, M., & Raja, N. I. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21562-9.00004-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effects of soil organic amendments on soil organic carbon content and molecular diversity at the aggregate level
Lin, L., Ji, W., Chen, S., Zhan, J., Qiu, Y., Yin, J., Peng, Y., Li, G., Zhao, X., Lin, Q., et al. (2026) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119630 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Biochar Application for Improving the Yield and Quality of Crops Under Climate Change
Majumder, D., Saha, S., Mukherjee, B., Das, S., Rahman, F. H., & Hossain, A. (2023) · Sustainable agriculture reviews · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26983-7_1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Improving Nitrogen Fertilizer Management for Yield and N Use Efficiency in Wetland Rice Cultivation in Bangladesh
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Metagenomics Reveals the Effects of Organic Material Co-Application on Phosphorus Cycling Functional Genes and Bioavailable Phosphorus
Wang, W., Jiang, Y., Cai, S., Li, Y., Sun, L., & Qu, J. (2025) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy15051187 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effect of in situ vermicomposting combined with biochar application on soil properties and crop yields in the tomato monoculture system
Xu, G., Wu, Z., Tian, Y., Wang, J., Wang, X., & Cao, Y. (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-28572-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effects of biochar amendment on carbon and nitrogen cycling in coastal saline soils: A review
Zhang, Q., Liu, B., Yu, L., Wang, R., Zheng, H., Xian-xiang, L., & Li, F. (2019) · 自然资源学报 · doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20191204 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Co-application effects of rice husk biochar and different types of nitrogen fertilizers on rice yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency
Banihashemian, S. N., Eftekhari, A., Morteza, N., & Mirkalaei, S. A. M. (2024) · Journal of Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/01904167.2024.2414759 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The remediation potential of biochar derived from different biomass for typical pollution in agricultural soil
Ji, M., & Sang, W. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85343-9.00017-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Manipulating rangeland soil microclimate with juniper biochar for improved native seedling establishment
Phillips, C. L., Meyer, K. M., Hanson, C. V., Biraud, S. C., & Trippe, K. M. (2020) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.1002/saj2.20207 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Locally produced wood biochar increases nutrient retention in agricultural soils of the San Juan Islands, WA, USA
Gao, S. (2016) · ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)
Self-citation
Soil biochemical properties and crop productivity following application of locally produced biochar at organic farms on Waldron Island, WA
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Self-citation
Use of Biochar in Organic Farming
DeLuca, T. H., & Gao, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04657-6_3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
INFLUENCE OF LOCALLY PRODUCED WOOD BIOCHAR ON SOIL NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS IN THE NORTHWESTERN US
Gao, S. (2020) · The Mathematics Enthusiast
Self-citation
FUNGI
Ritz, K. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-348530-4/00147-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Authors: Gao, S., Hoffman-Krull, K., Bidwell, A. L., & DeLuca, T. H.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: DeLuca, T.H.
ORCID: Gao, S.
Bidwell, A.L.
DeLuca, T.H.
Venue: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-10
Volume: 233
Pages: 43-54
ISSN: 0167-8809 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2016.08.028
OpenAlex: W2515349292
Semantic Scholar: 976efcd94439f81f77b5bb22910e9a8652564a6b
Cited by: 141
References: 73
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 2
FWCI: 12.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Washington
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques
Keywords: wood biochar, soil amendment, organic farming, soil nutrient retention, nitrogen availability, phosphorus availability, soil organic carbon, nutrient mineralization, dry beans, metal uptake, sandy soil, forest restoration, San Juan Islands

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Locally produced wood biochar increases nutrient retention and availability in agricultural soils of the San Juan Islands, USA

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