Wildfire-produced charcoal directly influences nitrogen cycling in ponderosa pine forests
Abstract
Fire is the primary form of disturbance in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems. However, our knowledge of the biochemical mechanisms by which fire stimulates forest N cycling is incomplete. Charcoal is a major byproduct of forest fires and is ubiquitous in soils of most forest ecosystems, yet the biological function of charcoal in soils of forest ecosystems has been greatly overlooked. We conducted a suite of laboratory experiments on soils from ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Laws) forests to determine the influence of charcoal on soil N dynamics and in particular, nitrification. The addition of NH 4 + to forest soils had absolutely no effect on nitrification demonstrating that this process is not substrate limited. The amendment of these soils with NH 4 + and field collected charcoal (1% w/w) significantly increased the nitrification potential, net nitrification, gross nitrification, and decreased the solution concentrations of plant secondary compounds (phenolics). Charcoal had no effect on nitrification in soils (from a grassland site) that had naturally high rates of nitrifier activity. The increase in gross nitrification in forest soils and lack of effect on grassland soils suggests that charcoal may alleviate factors that otherwise inhibit the activity of the nitrifying microbial community in forest soils. These results reveal the biological importance of charcoal and advance our mechanistic understanding of how fire drives nutrient cycling in temperate and boreal ecosystems.
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The lack of positive effects of biochar on net nitrification in agricultural ecosystems may be because agricultural ecosystems are already characterised by high nitrification rates.
“In agricultural ecosystems, the lack of positive effects from adding biochar on net nitrification rates may be because agricultural ecosystems are already characterised by high nitrification rates [80].”
From A Review of Biochar and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics (2013) · cites this paper as [80]
The promotion of net nitrification in natural ecosystems by biochar is due to the liming effects of biochar or the removal of inhibiting substances such as polyphenols or tannins.
“due to the liming effects of biochar or the removal of inhibiting substances such as polyphenols or tannins [50,79,80].”
From A Review of Biochar and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics (2013) · cites this paper as [80]
Biochar application promotes net nitrification in natural ecosystems.
“biochar application has been shown to promote net nitrification in natural ecosystems”
From A Review of Biochar and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics (2013) · cites this paper as [80]
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- Authors
- DeLuca, T. H., MacKenzie, M. D., Gundale, M. J., & Holben, W. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Montana (US)
- Corresponding author
- DeLuca, T. H.
- Venue
- Soil Science Society of America Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 448-453
- ISSN
- 0361-5995 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-0661
- OpenAlex
- W2141182917
- Cited by
- 495
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 26.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soil Science Society of America Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Keywords
- nitrogen cycling, nitrification, ponderosa pine forests, ponderosa pine, soil nitrogen dynamics, ammonium addition, phenolic compounds, forest fire disturbance, temperate forest soils, grassland soils
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