Impact of Biochar Amendment on Fertility of a Southeastern Coastal Plain Soil
Abstract
Agricultural soils in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain region have meager soil fertility characteristics because of their sandy textures, acidic pH values, kaolinitic clays, low cation exchange capacities, and diminutive soil organic carbon contents. We hypothesized that biochar additions will help ameliorate some of these fertility problems. The study objectives were to determine the impact of pecan shell-based biochar additions on soil fertility characteristics and water leachate chemistry for a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic typic Kandiudults). Soil columns containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% (wt/wt) biochar were incubated at 10% (wt/wt) moisture for 67 days. On days 25 and 67, the columns were leached with 1.2 to 1.4 pore volumes of deionized H2O, and the leachate chemical composition determined. On days 0 and 67, soil samples were collected and analyzed for fertility. The biochar had a pH of 7.6, contained 834.2 and 3.41 g kg−1 of C and N, respectively, and was dominated by aromatic C (58%). After 67 days and two leaching events, biochar additions to the Norfolk soil increased soil pH, soil organic carbon, Ca, K, Mn, and P and decreased exchangeable acidity, S, and Zn. Biochar additions did not significantly increase soil cation exchange capacity. Leachates contained increasing electrical conductivity and K and Na concentrations, but decreasing levels of Ca, P, Mn, and Zn. These effects reflect the addition of elements and the higher sorption capacity of biochar for selective nutrients (especially Ca, P, Zn, and Mn). Biochar additions to the Norfolk soil caused significant fertility improvements.
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Heating treatment enlarges biochar surface area by forming pores and cracks in its basal-structural sheet.
“The surface area increases with heat treatment by creating pores and cracks in the biochar's basal-structural sheet (Novak et al. 2009).”
From Corn-cob Biochar Characterization and Application Effects to Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Evolution in Acid Soil Added with Different Types of Fertilizers (2021) · cites this paper as Novak et al. 2009
The C/N of sugarcane bagasse biochar decreased from 129 to 79 when pyrolysis temperature increased from 250°C to 500°C.
“In contrast, Novak et al. (2009) reported that the C/N of sugarcane bagasse biochar decreased from 129 to 79 when pyrolysis temperature increased from 250 o C to 500 o C.”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Novak et al. (2009)
Novak et al. (2009) found a high concentration of Mehlich-1 extractable P in Norfolk loamy sand soil amended with poultry litter biochar (4 Mg ha-1) containing high total P content (3-4.3%).
“Novak et al. (2009) also found a high concentration of Mehlich-1 extractable P in Norfolk loamy sand soil amended with poultry litter biochar (4 Mg ha -1 ) containing high total P content (3-4.3%).”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Novak et al., 2009
Application of poultry litter biochar at 20 g kg-1 increased Mehlich 1 soil extractable P concentration by 20 to 28 folds.
“The application of poultry litter biochar at 20 g kg -1 increased Mehlich 1 soil extractable P concentration by 20 to 28 folds (Novak et al., 2009).”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Novak et al., 2009
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Ducey, T. F., Ippolito, J. A., Cantrell, K. B., Novak, J. M., & Lentz, R. D. (2013) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.01.006 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterisation, stability, and microbial effects of four biochars produced from crop residues
Purakayastha, T. J., Kumari, S., & Pathak, H. (2015) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.11.009 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
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Biochar influences soil carbon pools and facilitates interactions with soil: A field investigation
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Mobilization of phosphate in variable-charge soils amended with biochars derived from crop straws
Jiang, J., Yuan, M., Xu, R., & Bish, D. L. (2015) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2014.10.009 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Suksabye, P., Pimthong, A., Dhurakit, P., Mekvichitsaeng, P., & Thiravetyan, P. (2016) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4590-8 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Impact of Biochar on Earthworm Populations: A Review
Weyers, S. L., & Spokas, K. A. (2011) · Applied and Environmental Soil Science · doi:10.1155/2011/541592 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Güereña, D. T., Lehmann, J., Thies, J. E., Enders, A., Karanja, N., & Neufeldt, H. (2015) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-014-0990-z · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Influence of biochar on nitrogen fractions in a coastal plain soil
Schomberg, H. H., Gaskin, J. W., Harris, K., Das, K. C., Novak, J. M., Busscher, W. J., Watts, D. W., Woodroof, R. H., Lima, I. M., Ahmedna, M., et al. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0133 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, M., Yang, L., Qin, H., Jiang, L., & Zou, Y. (2013) · Field Crops Research · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2013.08.010 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Novak, J. M., Ippolito, J. A., Watts, D. W., Sigua, G. C., Ducey, T. F., & Johnson, M. G. (2019) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-019-00004-7 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
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Novak, J. M., Cantrell, K. B., & Watts, D. W. (2013) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-012-9228-9 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationBiochar and manure effluent effects on soil biochemical properties under corn production
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Biochar efficiency in copper removal from Haplic soils
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Immobilization of Ni and Cd in soil by biochar derived from unfertilized dates
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Pyrolysis temperature influences ameliorating effects of biochars on acidic soil
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Biochar and Soil Carbon Sequestration
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Effects of biochar and biosolid on adsorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in two soils
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Aqueous contaminant removal and stormwater treatment using biochar
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- Authors
- Novak, J. M., Busscher, W. J., Laird, D. L., Ahmedna, M., Watts, D. W., & Niandou, M. A. S.
- Affiliations
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (US)
- ORCID
- Ahmedna, Mohamed
- Venue
- Soil Science
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 174
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 105-112
- ISSN
- 0038-075X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2032515808
- Cited by
- 1,291
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 109 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 81 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 90 · 2014: 88 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 62
- FWCI
- 66.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soil Science (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Clemson University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Keywords
- biochar amendment, soil fertility, coastal plain soils, soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, soil pH, nutrient leaching, nutrient sorption
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