Dietary macronutrients, genetic variation, and progression of coronary atherosclerosis among women
Abstract
Background Previous studies observed the surprising finding that saturated fat was inversely associated with atherosclerosis progression in postmenopausal women, whereas polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) and carbohydrates were positively associated. Whether certain genes modify the association of diet with atherosclerotic progression is unknown.Methods Using Haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms, we evaluated gene-diet interactions with 3 preselected genes involved in fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism: sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1), insulin-induced gene-1 (INSIG1), and SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP). Diet was assessed at baseline. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed at baseline and after a mean of follow-up of 3.09 years in 2,227 coronary segments in 234 postmenopausal women.Results Global effects of each gene and gene-diet interactions for different fats, total fat, and carbohydrate were evaluated. Global tests revealed no main effects between SCAP, INSIG1, and SREBP1 haplotypes and progression of atherosclerosis (P = .87, P = .58, and P = .44). After correction for 5 nutrients evaluated (Bonferroni-corrected 2-tailed α = .01), no significant gene-nutrient interactions were seen, except for a borderline global interaction between SREBP1 and PUFA intake (P interaction = .013). This interaction was specific to the G-C haplotype (frequency 35%) and was driven by n-6 rather than n-3 PUFA (P for interaction < .0001). The interaction was robust to estimated isocaloric replacement of PUFA with any other nutrient. Per each 5% energy from n-6 PUFA, a 0.21-mm greater decline in mean minimal coronary artery diameter was seen among women per each copy of the second most frequent haplotype of SREBP1.Conclusions We observed an interaction between SREBP1 and PUFA consumption that might explain the positive association of PUFA with atherosclerosis progression in this cohort.
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A major challenge for candidate gene approaches has been lack of replication.
“While candidate genes approaches have identified several potential gene-diet interactions for traits including blood cholesterol levels, a major challenge has been lack of replication.74-77”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [75]
Candidate gene approaches have identified several potential gene-diet interactions for traits including blood cholesterol levels.
“While candidate genes approaches have identified several potential gene-diet interactions for traits including blood cholesterol levels, a major challenge has been lack of replication.74-77”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [75]
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- Authors
- Kalantarian, S., Rimm, E. B., Herrington, D. M., & Mozaffarian, D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kalantarian, Shadi
- Venue
- American Heart Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 167
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 627-635.e1
- ISSN
- 0002-8703 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2083120509
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Heart Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1k08hl075628-01)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K08-HL-075628)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- coronary atherosclerosis progression, gene-diet interaction, postmenopausal women, SREBP1, INSIG1, SCAP, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, dietary fat, carbohydrates, haplotypes, SREBP, coronary artery diameter
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Coronary Artery Disease, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, DNA, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genetic Markers, Genotype, Humans, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Genetic Variation, Coronary Angiography, Postmenopause, Disease Progression, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Atherosclerosis
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