Cited by 350Forensic and Genetic ResearchGenetic diversity and population structureRace, Genetics, and Society

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Genetic Evidence for Recent Population Mixture in India

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Moorjani, Priya, Thangaraj, Kumarasamy, Patterson, Nick, Lipson, Mark, Loh, Po-Ru, Govindaraj, Periyasamy, Berger, Bonnie, Reich, David, Singh, Lalji·2013·The American Journal of Human Genetics

DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.07.006PMC PMC3769933

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Abstract

Most Indian groups descend from a mixture of two genetically divergent populations: Ancestral North Indians (ANI) related to Central Asians, Middle Easterners, Caucasians, and Europeans; and Ancestral South Indians (ASI) not closely related to groups outside the subcontinent. The date of mixture is unknown but has implications for understanding Indian history. We report genome-wide data from 73 groups from the Indian subcontinent and analyze linkage disequilibrium to estimate ANI-ASI mixture dates ranging from about 1,900 to 4,200 years ago. In a subset of groups, 100% of the mixture is consistent with having occurred during this period. These results show that India experienced a demographic transformation several thousand years ago, from a region in which major population mixture was common to one in which mixture even between closely related groups became rare because of a shift to endogamy.

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Authors: Moorjani, P., Thangaraj, K., Patterson, N., Lipson, M., Loh, P.-R., Govindaraj, P., Berger, B., Reich, D., & Singh, L.
Affiliations: Broad Institute (US)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (IN)
Corresponding author: Moorjani, Priya
ORCID: Moorjani, Priya
Patterson, Nick
Lipson, Mark
Loh, Po-Ru
Govindaraj, Periyasamy
Berger, Bonnie
Reich, David
Singh, Lalji
Venue: The American Journal of Human Genetics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-09
Volume: 93
Issue: 3
Pages: 422-438
ISSN: 0002-9297 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.07.006
PMC: PMC3769933
OpenAlex: W2110266900
Cited by: 350
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 18
FWCI: 13.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 185 d)
Locations: The American Journal of Human Genetics (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Human Genome Research Institute (R01HG006399)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM100233, R01GM100233)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
Social Sciences › Anthropology › Race, Genetics, and Society
Keywords: linkage disequilibrium, endogamy, demographic change, Indian subcontinent
MeSH terms: Gene Pool, Genetics, Population, Geography, Humans, India, Linguistics, Models, Genetic, Time Factors, Linkage Disequilibrium, Principal Component Analysis, White People

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Genetic Evidence for Recent Population Mixture in India

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