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Genetic Evidence for Recent Population Mixture in India
Open accessAbstract
Most Indian groups descend from a mixture of two genetically divergent populations: Ancestral North Indians (ANI) related to Central Asians, Middle Easterners, Caucasians, and Europeans; and Ancestral South Indians (ASI) not closely related to groups outside the subcontinent. The date of mixture is unknown but has implications for understanding Indian history. We report genome-wide data from 73 groups from the Indian subcontinent and analyze linkage disequilibrium to estimate ANI-ASI mixture dates ranging from about 1,900 to 4,200 years ago. In a subset of groups, 100% of the mixture is consistent with having occurred during this period. These results show that India experienced a demographic transformation several thousand years ago, from a region in which major population mixture was common to one in which mixture even between closely related groups became rare because of a shift to endogamy.
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“Previously, the West Eurasian population known to be the best proxy for this ancestry was present-day Sardinians32, who resemble Neolithic Europeans genetically13,33.”
From Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East (2016) · cites this paper as [33]
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Cites
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Self-citationReconstructing Native American population history
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Self-citationDenisova Admixture and the First Modern Human Dispersals into Southeast Asia and Oceania
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Self-citationAncient DNA from the First European Farmers in 7500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites
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Self-citationGenomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East
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Metadata
- Authors
- Moorjani, P., Thangaraj, K., Patterson, N., Lipson, M., Loh, P.-R., Govindaraj, P., Berger, B., Reich, D., & Singh, L.
- Affiliations
- Broad Institute (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Moorjani, Priya
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Human Genetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-09
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 422-438
- ISSN
- 0002-9297 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3769933
- OpenAlex
- W2110266900
- Cited by
- 350
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 18
- FWCI
- 13.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The American Journal of Human Genetics (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Human Genome Research Institute (R01HG006399)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM100233, R01GM100233)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Race, Genetics, and Society
- Keywords
- linkage disequilibrium, endogamy, demographic change, Indian subcontinent
- MeSH terms
- Gene Pool, Genetics, Population, Geography, Humans, India, Linguistics, Models, Genetic, Time Factors, Linkage Disequilibrium, Principal Component Analysis, White People
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