Cited by 53Genetic Associations and EpidemiologyGenetic and phenotypic traits in livestockGenetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals

Imputing Phenotypes for Genome-wide Association Studies

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Hormozdiari, Farhad, Kang, Eun Yong, Bilow, Michael, Ben-David, Eyal, Vulpe, Chris, McLachlan, Stela, Lusis, Aldons J., Han, Buhm +1 more·2016·The American Journal of Human Genetics

Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been successful in detecting variants correlated with phenotypes of clinical interest. However, the power to detect these variants depends on the number of individuals whose phenotypes are collected, and for phenotypes that are difficult to collect, the sample size might be insufficient to achieve the desired statistical power. The phenotype of interest is often difficult to collect, whereas surrogate phenotypes or related phenotypes are easier to collect and have already been collected in very large samples. This paper demonstrates how we take advantage of these additional related phenotypes to impute the phenotype of interest or target phenotype and then perform association analysis. Our approach leverages the correlation structure between phenotypes to perform the imputation. The correlation structure can be estimated from a smaller complete dataset for which both the target and related phenotypes have been collected. Under some assumptions, the statistical power can be computed analytically given the correlation structure of the phenotypes used in imputation. In addition, our method can impute the summary statistic of the target phenotype as a weighted linear combination of the summary statistics of related phenotypes. Thus, our method is applicable to datasets for which we have access only to summary statistics and not to the raw genotypes. We illustrate our approach by analyzing associated loci to triglycerides (TGs), body mass index (BMI), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort dataset.

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  • It is possible to infer genetic signatures (eQTL) or phenotypes based on genotypes when datasets are collected from different subjects.

    “In such cases, it is possible to infer genetic signatures (eQTL) or phenotypes based on genotypes [48–50].”

    From Multi-omics approaches to disease (2017) · cites this paper as [50]

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  1. [2][2] Allison, P. D. (2002). Missing data: Quantitative applications in the social sciences. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology , 55 (1), 193-196. -

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Authors
Hormozdiari, F., Kang, E. Y., Bilow, M., Ben-David, E., Vulpe, C., McLachlan, S., Lusis, A. J., Han, B., & Eskin, E.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • University of Edinburgh (GB)
  • Asan Medical Center (KR)
Corresponding author
  • Han, Buhm
  • Eskin, Eleazar
Venue
The American Journal of Human Genetics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-07
Volume
99
Issue
1
Pages
89-103
ISSN
0002-9297 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2416189753
Cited by
53
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2
FWCI
0.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The American Journal of Human Genetics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (0916676, 1331176, 1320589, 1065276, 1302448, 0731455, 0513612, 0729049)
  • Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center (2015-0222)
  • National Institutes of Health (5u01da024417-02, HL‐28481, DA024417, U01-DA024417, HL30568)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL030568, K25HL080079, P01HL028481)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH101782)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (U01-DA024417)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM083198)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P30NS062691, NS062691)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES022282, R01ES021801)
  • National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U54EB020403)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
Keywords
correlation structure, statistical power, summary statistics, triglycerides, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, Northern Finland Birth Cohort, genome-wide association study
MeSH terms
Animals, Blood Pressure, Finland, Genotype, Humans, Models, Genetic, Phenotype, Research Design, Triglycerides, Reproducibility of Results, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Sample Size, Multifactorial Inheritance, Mice, Genome-Wide Association Study, Datasets as Topic

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