Preventable health and cost burden of adverse birth outcomes associated with pregestational diabetes in the United States
Open accessAbstract
Objective Preconception care for women with diabetes can reduce the occurrence of adverse birth outcomes. We aimed to estimate the preconception care (PCC)-preventable health and cost burden of adverse birth outcomes associated with diagnosed and undiagnosed pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) in the United States. Study design Among women of reproductive age (15-44 years), we estimated age- and race/ethnicity-specific prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes. We applied age and race/ethnicity-specific pregnancy rates, estimates of the risk reduction from PCC for 3 adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, major birth defects, and perinatal mortality), and lifetime medical and lost productivity costs for children with those outcomes. Using a probabilistic model, we estimated the reduction in adverse birth outcomes and costs associated with universal PCC compared with no PCC among women with PGDM. We did not assess maternal outcomes and associated costs. Results We estimated 2.2% of US births are to women with PGDM. Among women with diagnosed diabetes, universal PCC might avert 8397 (90% prediction interval [PI], 5252-11,449) preterm deliveries, 3725 (90% PI, 3259-4126) birth defects, and 1872 (90% PI, 1239-2415) perinatal deaths annually. Associated discounted lifetime costs averted for the affected cohort of children could be as high as $4.3 billion (90% PI, 3.4-5.1 billion) (2012 US dollars). PCC among women with undiagnosed diabetes could yield an additional $1.2 billion (90% PI, 951 million-1.4 billion) in averted cost. Conclusion Results suggest a substantial health and cost burden associated with PGDM that could be prevented by universal PCC, which might offset the cost of providing such care.
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Effective preconception counseling could avert substantial health and associated cost burdens in the offspring.
“Effective preconception counseling could avert substantial health and associated cost (10) burdens in the offspring (11).”
From 15. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024</i> (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
The Conclusion (page unavailable) says that universal preconception care could prevent a substantial health and cost burden associated with pregestational diabetes. The paper studies care for women with pregestational diabetes, not counseling alone or offspring generally; its Comment describes counseling as one of several possible care services. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Peterson, C., Grosse, S. D., Li, R., Sharma, A. J., Razzaghi, H., Herman, W. H., & Gilboa, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Peterson, Cora
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 212
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 74.e1-74.e9
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4469071
- OpenAlex
- W1999538956
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 9.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK092926, P30DK020572)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Keywords
- pregestational diabetes, preconception care, adverse birth outcomes, preterm birth, major birth defects, perinatal mortality, undiagnosed diabetes, cost burden, lifetime medical costs, productivity loss, diabetes prevalence, women of reproductive age, racial and ethnic disparities
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Diabetics, United States, Preconception Care, Cost of Illness, Young Adult
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