Blood-Based Oxidation Markers in Medicated and Unmedicated Schizophrenia Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Increased reactive species due to the effect of antipsychotics on oxidative stress may be involved in the development of schizophrenia. However, antipsychotics may have different direct antioxidant effects due to their chemical structures. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether the cause increased oxidant status in schizophrenia patients is due to the illness or induction by antipsychotics. Studies published from 1964 to 2021 were selected from Pubmed and Scopus databases. Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2. Effect sizes were calculated and compared between unmedicated and medicated patients and healthy controls. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Subgroup analyses were conducted on drug-free and drug-naïve patients, and patients treated with atypical and typical antipsychotics. We found that medicated patients had significantly higher malondialdehyde (MDA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total oxidant status (TOS). Meanwhile, significantly increased plasma/serum MDA and nitric oxide (NO) were observed in unmedicated patients only. Higher lipid peroxidation in the drug-naïve group may be associated schizophrenia. However, both atypical and typical antipsychotics may worsen lipid peroxidation. Antipsychotic discontinuation in the drug-free group led to significantly increased plasma/serum NO, with larger effect size than the atypical antipsychotic group. In conclusion, medicated schizophrenia patients were more suffered from increased oxidative stress. Therefore, future study may focus on the mechanism of action of specific antipsychotic on oxidative stress.
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Both atypical and typical antipsychotics may worsen lipid peroxidation.
“Both atypical and typical antipsychotics may worsen lipid peroxidation [49].”
From Lipids in Psychiatric Disorders: Functional and Potential Diagnostic Role as Blood Biomarkers (2024) · cites this paper as [49]
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Lipids in Psychiatric Disorders: Functional and Potential Diagnostic Role as Blood Biomarkers
Zorkina, Y., Ushakova, V., Ochneva, A., Tsurina, A., Abramova, O., Savenkova, V., Goncharova, A., Alekseenko, I., Morozova, I., Riabinina, D., et al. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14020080 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
- Authors
- Goh, X. X., Tang, P. Y., & Tee, S. F.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Sungai Long Campus (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Tee, Shiau Foon
- Venue
- Asian Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- 67
- Pages
- 102932
- ISSN
- 1876-2018 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3216319414
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Asian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, oxidative stress, antipsychotic drugs, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, atypical antipsychotics, typical antipsychotics, unmedicated patients, drug-naive patients, blood biomarkers, antioxidant status
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Biomarkers, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, Oxidative Stress
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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