Neighborhood Design and Walking
Open accessAbstract
Background Few studies have employed longitudinal data to examine associations between the physical environment and walking.Methods Using cross-sectional (n=70) and longitudinal (n=32) data (collected 2003-2006), associations of neighborhood design and demographics with walking were examined. Participants were low-income, primarily African-American women in the southeastern U.S. Through a natural experiment, some women relocated to neo-traditional communities (experimental group) and others moved to conventional suburban neighborhoods (control group).Results Post-move cross-sectional comparisons indicated that women in neo-traditional neighborhoods did not, on average, walk more than women in suburban neighborhoods. Race and household size were significant predictors of physical activity. Additionally, using longitudinal data, this study controlled for the effects of pre-move walking and demographics. Analyses examined the effects of environmental factors (e.g., density, land-use mix, street-network patterns) on post-move walking. Women who moved to places with fewer culs-de-sac, on average, walked more. Unexpectedly, increases in land-use mix were associated with less walking.Conclusions Results suggest that neo-traditional neighborhood features alone (e.g., sidewalks, front porches, small set-back distances) may not be enough to affect walking; however, changes in street patterns may play a role.
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In a small longitudinal investigation of 32 low-income women who moved, an increase in the population density of service-related jobs following the move was associated with fewer steps walked.
“Among multiple land-use metrics evaluated, an increase in the population density of service-related jobs following the move was associated with fewer steps walked; changes in other land-use metrics were not significantly associated with walking.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [360]
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- Authors
- Wells, N. M., & Yang, Y.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- University of Oregon (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wells, Nancy M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 313-319
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2110185743
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 20.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Urban Design and Spatial Analysis
- Keywords
- neighbourhood design, walking, physical activity, suburbs, mixed land use, density, African American women, low-income women, relocation, sidewalks, front porches, household size, race
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environment Design, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Population Dynamics, Residence Characteristics, Southeastern United States, Body Mass Index, Walking
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