Measuring the Built Environment for Physical Activity
Open accessAbstract
Physical inactivity is one of the most important public health issues in the U.S. and internationally. Increasingly, links are being identified between various elements of the physical-or built-environment and physical activity. To understand the impact of the built environment on physical activity, the development of high-quality measures is essential. Three categories of built environment data are being used: (1) perceived measures obtained by telephone interview or self-administered questionnaires; (2) observational measures obtained using systematic observational methods (audits); and (3) archival data sets that are often layered and analyzed with GIS. This review provides a critical assessment of these three types of built-environment measures relevant to the study of physical activity. Among perceived measures, 19 questionnaires were reviewed, ranging in length from 7 to 68 questions. Twenty audit tools were reviewed that cover community environments (i.e., neighborhoods, cities), parks, and trails. For GIS-derived measures, more than 50 studies were reviewed. A large degree of variability was found in the operationalization of common GIS measures, which include population density, land-use mix, access to recreational facilities, and street pattern. This first comprehensive examination of built-environment measures demonstrates considerable progress over the past decade, showing diverse environmental variables available that use multiple modes of assessment. Most can be considered first-generation measures, so further development is needed. In particular, further research is needed to improve the technical quality of measures, understand the relevance to various population groups, and understand the utility of measures for science and public health.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Across systematic reviews, 5 of 8 studies found a positive relation between overall land-use mix and children's active commuting.
“Across all these systematic reviews, 5 of 6 studies found a positive relation between overall land-use mix and children’s physical activity; in 5 of 8 studies, between overall land-use mix and children’s active commuting; and in 3 of 3 studies, between distance from home to school and children’s active commuting.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [352]
Across systematic reviews, 3 of 3 studies found a positive relation between distance from home to school and children's active commuting.
“Across all these systematic reviews, 5 of 6 studies found a positive relation between overall land-use mix and children’s physical activity; in 5 of 8 studies, between overall land-use mix and children’s active commuting; and in 3 of 3 studies, between distance from home to school and children’s active commuting.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [352]
Across systematic reviews, 5 of 6 studies found a positive relation between overall land-use mix and children's physical activity.
“Across all these systematic reviews, 5 of 6 studies found a positive relation between overall land-use mix and children’s physical activity; in 5 of 8 studies, between overall land-use mix and children’s active commuting; and in 3 of 3 studies, between distance from home to school and children’s active commuting.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [352]
After adjustment for confounders, magnitudes of relationships between land-use mix and children's physical activity or active commuting often remained quite large, especially for active commuting.
“After adjustment for confounders, magnitudes of these relationships often remained quite large (eg, OR 2- to 3-fold or higher associations), especially for active commuting.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [352]
Few studies evaluated walkability and adiposity in either children or adults, with a minority of these observing positive findings.
“Few studies evaluated walkability and adiposity in either children or adults, with a minority of these observing positive findings.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [352]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529310 · Cited by 81,148 · see citing works
International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity
CRAIG, C. L., MARSHALL, A. L., SJ??STR??M, M., BAUMAN, A. E., BOOTH, M. L., AINSWORTH, B. E., PRATT, M., EKELUND, U., YNGVE, A., SALLIS, J. F., et al. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb · Cited by 21,619 · see citing works
Self-citationAn ecological perspective on health promotion programs
McLeroy, K. R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., & Glanz, K. (1988) · Health Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/109019818801500401 · Cited by 8,502 · see citing works
Travel demand and the 3Ds: Density, diversity, and design
Cervero, R., & Kockelman, K. M. (1997) · Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/s1361-9209(97)00009-6 · Cited by 4,601 · see citing works
Yu, S. M. (1998) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1023/a:1021801927353 · Cited by 3,876 · see citing works
An ecological approach to creating active living communities
Sallis, J. F., Cervero, R. B., Ascher, W., Henderson, K. A., Kraft, M. K., & Kerr, J. (2006) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102100 · Cited by 3,296 · see citing works
Self-citationHealth behavior and health education
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-2173 · Cited by 2,919 · see citing works
Saelens, B., Sallis, J., & Frank, L. (2003) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2502_03 · Cited by 2,510 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal strategy on diet, physical activity and health
Samuelson, G. (2004) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.3402/fnr.v48i2.1503 · Cited by 2,322 · see citing works
The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activityA systematic review1 and 2
KAHN, E., RAMSEY, L., BROWNSON, R., HEATH, G., HOWZE, E., POWELL, K., STONE, E., RAJAB, M., & CORSO, P. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00434-8 · Cited by 2,022 · see citing works
Self-citationNeighborhood-based differences in physical activity: an environment scale evaluation
Saelens, B. E., Sallis, J. F., Black, J. B., & Chen, D. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1552 · Cited by 1,954 · see citing works
Self-citationHow the built environment affects physical activity
Handy, S., Boarnet, M. G., Ewing, R., & Killingsworth, R. E. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00475-0 · Cited by 1,920 · see citing works
Environmental factors associated with adults' participation in physical activity A review
Humpel, N. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(01)00426-3 · Cited by 1,783 · see citing works
Gordon‐Larsen, P., Laska, M. N., Page, P., & Popkin, B. M. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0058 · Cited by 1,765 · see citing works
Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars
Frank, L. D., Andresen, M. A., & Schmid, T. L. (2004) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.011 · Cited by 1,741 · see citing works
Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form
Frank, L. D., Schmid, T. L., Sallis, J. F., Chapman, J. E., & Saelens, B. E. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.11.001 · Cited by 1,553 · see citing works
Self-citationGiles‐Corti, B., Broomhall, M. H., Knuiman, M. W., Collins, C. G., Douglas, K., Ng, K., Lange, A., & Donovan, R. J. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.018 · Cited by 1,523 · see citing works
Relationship between Urban Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity, and Morbidity
Ewing, R., Schmid, T. L., Killingsworth, R. E., Zlot, A. I., & Raudenbush, S. W. (2003) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-18.1.47 · Cited by 1,380 · see citing works
Understanding environmental influences on walking
Owen, N. G., Humpel, N., Leslie, E. R., Bauman, A. E., & Sallis, J. F. (2004) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.03.006 · Cited by 1,307 · see citing works
Self-citationRaudenbush, S. W., & Sampson, R. J. (1999) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.1111/0081-1750.00059 · Cited by 1,097 · see citing works
The Built Environment and Obesity
Papas, M. A., Alberg, A. J., Ewing, R., Helzlsouer, K. J., Gary, T. L., & Klassen, A. C. (2007) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm009 · Cited by 1,078 · see citing works
Changes in Telephone Survey Nonresponse over the Past Quarter Century
Curtin, R. T., Presser, S., & Singer, E. (2005) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfi002 · Cited by 936 · see citing works
Frank, L. D., & Pivo, G. (1994) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · Cited by 904 · see citing works
Perceived and objective environmental measures and physical activity among urban adults
Hoehner, C. M., Ramirez, L. K. B., Elliott, M., Handy, S., & Brownson, R. C. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.023 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
Self-citationWalking, Bicycling, and Urban Landscapes: Evidence From the San Francisco Bay Area
Cervero, R., & Duncan, M. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1478 · Cited by 877 · see citing works
Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale
Cerin, E., Saelens, B. E., Sallis, J. F., & Frank, L. D. (2006) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000227639.83607.4d · Cited by 822 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessing the Measurement Properties of Neighborhood Scales: From Psychometrics to Ecometrics
Mujahid, M. S., Roux, A. V. D., Morenoff, J. D., & Raghunathan, T. E. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm040 · Cited by 772 · see citing works
The Role of Built Environments in Physical Activity, Eating, and Obesity in Childhood
Sallis, J. F., & Glanz, K. (2006) · The Future of Children · doi:10.1353/foc.2006.0009 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Self-citationPerceptions about the local neighborhood and walking and cycling among children
Timperio, A. F. (2003) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.09.026 · Cited by 751 · see citing works
Developing a framework for assessment of the environmental determinants of walking and cycling
Pikora, T., Giles‐Corti, B., Bull, F., Jamrozik, K. D., & Donovan, R. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00163-6 · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Economic costs of obesity and inactivity
Colditz, G. A. (1999) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199911001-00026 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Heath, G. W., Brownson, R. C., Kruger, J., Miles, R., Powell, K. E., Ramsey, L. T., & _, _. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s55 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Self-citationGiles‐Corti, B., Timperio, A. F., Bull, F., & Pikora, T. (2005) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1097/00003677-200510000-00005 · Cited by 689 · see citing works
Leslie, E. R., Coffee, N. T., Frank, L. D., Owen, N. G., Bauman, A. E., & Hugo, G. J. (2006) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2005.11.001 · Cited by 689 · see citing works
Handy, S., Cao, X., & Mokhtarian, P. L. (2006) · Journal of the American Planning Association · doi:10.1080/01944360608976724 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Health and community design: the impact of the built environment on physical activity
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-2837 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Li, F., Fisher, K. J., Brownson, R. C., & Bosworth, M. (2005) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2004.028399 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentifying and Measuring Urban Design Qualities Related to Walkability
Ewing, R., Handy, S., Brownson, R. C., Clemente, O., & Winston, E. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s223 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Self-citationMcKenzie, T. L., Cohen, D. A., Sehgal, A., Williamson, S. L., & Golinelli, D. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s208 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
What Is Sufficient Evidence for the Reliability and Validity of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures?
Frost, M. H., Reeve, B. B., Liepa, A. M., Stauffer, J. W., & Hays, R. D. (2007) · Value in Health · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00272.x · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Residential Relocation and Changes in Urban Travel: Does Neighborhood-Scale Urban Form Matter?
Krizek, K. J. (2003) · Journal of the American Planning Association · doi:10.1080/01944360308978019 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Kerr, J., Rosenberg, D. E., Sallis, J. F., Saelens, B. E., Frank, L. D., & Conway, T. L. (2006) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000210208.63565.73 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Self-citationThe relationship between non-motorized mode choice and the local physical environment
Rodrı́guez, D. A., & Joo, J. (2003) · Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2003.11.001 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Assessing perceived physical environmental variables that may influence physical activity
Sallis, J. F., Johnson, M. F., Calfas, K. J., Caparosa, S., & Nichols, J. F. (1997) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1997.10608015 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Self-citationThe development and testing of an audit for the pedestrian environment
Clifton, K. J., Smith, A. D. L., & Rodrı́guez, D. A. (2006) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.06.008 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Developing a reliable audit instrument to measure the physical environment for physical activity
Pikora, T., Bull, F., Jamrozik, K. D., Knuiman, M. W., Giles‐Corti, B., & Donovan, R. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00498-1 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Predictors of adoption and maintenance of vigorous physical activity in men and women
Sallis, J. F., Hovell, M. F., & Hofstetter, C. R. (1992) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(92)90022-a · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of the Built Environment With Physical Activity and Obesity in Older Persons
Berke, E. M., Koepsell, T. D., Moudon, A. V., Hoskins, R. E., & Larson, E. B. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.085837 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity in a Sample of Belgian Adults
Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Sallis, J. F., & Saelens, B. E. (2003) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-18.1.83 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Self-citationLeslie, E. R., Saelens, B. E., Frank, L. D., Owen, N. G., Bauman, A. E., Coffee, N. T., & Hugo, G. J. (2004) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2004.05.005 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
School Location and Student Travel Analysis of Factors Affecting Mode Choice
Ewing, R., Schroeer, W., & Greene, W. H. (2004) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.3141/1895-08 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Leisure-Time Physical Activity in School Environments: An Observational Study Using SOPLAY
McKenzie, T. L., Marshall, S. J., Sallis, J. F., & Conway, T. L. (2000) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1999.0591 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Self-citationSallis, J. F., Owen, N. G., & Fotheringham, M. J. (2000) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02895665 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Self-citationCompliance/adherence in health-related exercise.
Dishman, R. K. (1982) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.1.3.237 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
The relationship between access and quality of urban green space with population physical activity
Hillsdon, M. M., Panter, J., Foster, C. E., & Jones, A. (2006) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2006.10.007 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
A multivariate study of determinants of vigorous exercise in a community sample
Sallis, J. F., Hovell, M. F., Hofstetter, C. R., Faucher, P., Elder, J. P., Blanchard, J. H., Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1989) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(89)90051-0 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Self-citationDuncan, M. J., Spence, J. C., & Mummery, W. K. (2005) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-2-11 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Health Behavior and Health Education
&NA; (1991) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199106000-00006 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Urban Sprawl and Risk for Being Overweight or Obese
Lopez, R. P. (2004) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.94.9.1574 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Sallis, J. F., Hovell, M. F., Hofstetter, C. R., Elder, J. P., Hackley, M., Caspersen, C. J., & Powell, K. E. (1990) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Impact of Community Design and Land-Use Choices on Public Health: A Scientific Research Agenda
Dannenberg, A. L., Jackson, R. J., Frumkin, H., Schieber, R. A., Pratt, M., Kochtitzky, C. S., & Tilson, H. H. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1500 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
McGinn, A. P., Evenson, K. R., Herring, A. H., Huston, S. L., & Rodrı́guez, D. A. (2007) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-006-9136-4 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Burdette, H. L. (2003) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.09.029 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Brownson, R. C., Haire-Joshu, D. L., & Luke, D. A. (2005) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102137 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Irvine-Minnesota inventory to measure built environments: development.
Day, K., Boarnet, M., Alfonzo, M., & Forsyth, A. (2006) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.09.017 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Self-citationDisentangling the Concept of Density
Churchman, A. (1999) · Journal of Planning Literature · doi:10.1177/08854129922092478 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Exploring the effect of the environment on physical activity
Craig, C. L., Brownson, R. C., Cragg, S. E., & Dunn, A. L. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00472-5 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of three methods for measuring the time spent in physical activity
AINSWORTH, B. E., Bassett, D. R., Strath, S. J., Swartz, A. M., BRIEN, W. L. O., Thompson, R. W., JONES, D. A., Macera, C. A., & Kimsey, C. D. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200009001-00004 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Environmental measures of physical activity supports
Kirtland, K. A., Porter, D. E., Addy, C. L., Neet, M. J., Williams, J. E., Sharpe, P. A., Neff, L. J., Kimsey, C. D., & Ainsworth, B. E. (2003) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(03)00021-7 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
An introduction to geographical information systems
Hudzik, P. (1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-3920 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
The Social Ecology of Health Promotion: Implications for Research and Practice
Stokols, D., Allen, J. R., & Bellingham, R. (1996) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-10.4.247 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Violent crime and outdoor physical activity among inner-city youth
GOMEZ, J. (2004) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.03.019 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Correlates of Walking for Transportation or Recreation Purposes
Lee, C., & Moudon, A. V. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s77 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Troped, P. J., Saunders, R. P., Pate, R. R., Reininger, B. M., Ureda, J. R., & Thompson, S. J. (2001) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.2000.0788 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Does Residential Density Increase Walking and Other Physical Activity?
Forsyth, A., Oakes, J. M., Schmitz, K. H., & Hearst, M. O. (2007) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1080/00420980601184729 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citationWalking and Bicycling: An Evaluation of Environmental Audit Instruments
Moudon, A. V., & Lee, C. (2003) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-18.1.21 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Design and Destinations: Factors Influencing Walking and Total Physical Activity
Forsyth, A., Hearst, M. O., Oakes, J. M., & Schmitz, K. H. (2008) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1177/0042098008093386 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCormack, G. R., Giles‐Corti, B., Lange, A., Smith, T. L., Martin, K., & Pikora, T. (2004) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/s1440-2440(04)80282-2 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
The Urban Built Environment and Obesity in New York City: A Multilevel Analysis
Rundle, A., Roux, A. V. D., Freeman, L., Miller, D., Neckerman, K. M., & Weiss, C. C. (2007) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-21.4s.326 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Public Health, GIS, and Spatial Analytic Tools
Rushton, G. (2003) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.24.012902.140843 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Norman, G. J., Nutter, S. K., Ryan, S., Sallis, J. F., Calfas, K. J., & Patrick, K. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s118 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Self-citationAvailability of Recreational Resources and Physical Activity in Adults
Roux, A. V. D., Evenson, K. R., McGinn, A. P., Brown, D. G., Moore, L. V., Brines, S. J., & Jacobs, D. R. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.087734 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Doyle, S., Kelly-Schwartz, A. C., Schlossberg, M., & Stockard, J. (2006) · Journal of the American Planning Association · doi:10.1080/01944360608976721 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Brownson, R. C., Chang, J. J., Eyler, A. A., Ainsworth, B. E., Kirtland, K. A., Saelens, B. E., & Sallis, J. F. (2004) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.94.3.473 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Self-citationNew Challenges for Telephone Survey Research in the Twenty-First Century
Kempf, A. M., & Remington, P. (2006) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144059 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Lee, R. E., Booth, K. M., Reese-Smith, J. Y., Regan, G. R., & Howard, H. H. (2005) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-2-13 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Laska, M. N., Gordon‐Larsen, P., Song, Y., & Popkin, B. M. (2006) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.026 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Duncan, M. J., & Mummery, K. W. (2004) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.06.017 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Measuring Network Connectivity for Bicycling and Walking
Dill, J. (2004) · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Proximity to Trails and Retail: Effects on Urban Cycling and Walking
Krizek, K. J., & Johnson, P. J. (2006) · Journal of the American Planning Association · doi:10.1080/01944360608976722 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Changes in neighborhood walking are related to changes in perceptions of environmental attributes
Humpel, N., Marshall, A. L., Leslie, E., Bauman, A., & Owen, N. (2004) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2701_8 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Saelens, B. E., Frank, L. D., Auffrey, C., Whitaker, R. C., Burdette, H. L., & Colabianchi, N. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s190 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Perceived Neighborhood Environments and physical activity in adolescents
Mota, J. A. P. S., Almeida, M., Santos, M. P., & Ribeiro, J. C. (2005) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.07.012 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Relationship Between Urban Sprawl and Weight of United States Youth
EWING, R., Brownson, R. C., & Berrigan, D. A. (2006) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.020 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Self-citationHandy, S. (1992) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Ball, K., Timperio, A. F., Salmon, J., Giles‐Corti, B., Roberts, R. J., & Crawford, D. A. (2007) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2006.048520 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Perceptions of the environment, physical activity, and obesity
Poortinga, W. (2006) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.07.018 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Giles‐Corti, B., Timperio, A. F., Christian, H. E., Pikora, T., Bull, F., Knuiman, M. W., Bulsara, M. K., Niel, K. V., & Shilton, T. (2006) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.01.019 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Braza, M., Shoemaker, W. E., & Seeley, A. (2004) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-19.2.128 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Objective Measures of Neighborhood Environment and Physical Activity in Older Women
King, W. C., Belle, S. H., Brach, J. S., Simkin‐Silverman, L. R., Soska, T. M., & Kriska, A. M. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.001 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Factors of the Physical Environment Associated with Walking and Bicycling
Wendel‐Vos, W., Schuit, A. J., NIET, R. D., Boshuizen, H. C., Saris, W. H. M., & Kromhout, D. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000121955.03461.0a · Cited by 208 · see citing works
The Irvine-Minnesota inventory to measure built environments: reliability tests.
Boarnet, M., Day, K., Alfonzo, M., Forsyth, A., & Oakes, M. (2006) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.09.018 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citationTilt, J. H., Unfried, T. M., & Roca, B. (2007) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-21.4s.371 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
A brief observational measure for urban neighborhoods
Caughy, M. O., O'Campo, P. J., & Patterson, J. (2001) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/s1353-8292(01)00012-0 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Evenson, K. R., Birnbaum, A. S., Rung, A. L., Sallis, J. F., Voorhees, C. C., Ring, K. B., & Elder, J. P. (2006) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-3-28 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Physical Environment and Physical Activity
Gebel, K., Bauman, A. E., & Petticrew, M. P. (2007) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.01.020 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Associations of Location and Perceived Environmental Attributes with Walking in Neighborhoods
Humpel, N., Owen, N. G., Leslie, E. R., Marshall, A. L., Bauman, A. E., & Sallis, J. F. (2004) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-18.3.239 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationNeighborhood Design and Walking Trips in Ten U.S. Metropolitan Areas
Boer, R., Zheng, Y., Overton, A., Ridgeway, G. K., & Cohen, D. A. (2007) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.012 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Measuring the Influence of Built Neighborhood Environments on Walking in Older Adults
Michael, Y., Beard, T. E., Choi, D., Farquhar, S. A., & Carlson, N. E. (2006) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.14.3.302 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Scott, M., Evenson, K. R., Cohen, D. A., & Cox, C. E. (2007) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-007-9179-1 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Accessibility and connectivity in physical activity studies: The impact of missing pedestrian data
Chin, G. K. W., Niel, K. P. V., Giles‐Corti, B., & Knuiman, M. W. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.08.004 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems
Mulik, S. (1999) · IETE Technical Review · doi:10.1080/02564602.1999.11416861 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Rütten, A., Abel, T., Kannas, L., von Lengerke, T., Lüschen, G., Díaz, J. A. R., Vinck, J., & van der Zee, J. (2001) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.55.2.139 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Simons‐Morton, D. G., Simons‐Morton, B. G., Parcel, G. S., & Bunker, J. F. (1988) · Family & Community Health · doi:10.1097/00003727-198808000-00006 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Kligerman, M., Sallis, J. F., Ryan, S., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-21.4.274 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationRoemmich, J. N., Epstein, L. H., Raja, S., & Yin, L. (2007) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm3301_4 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The relationship between leisure, walking, and transportation activity with the natural environment
McGinn, A., Evenson, K. R., Herring, A. H., & Huston, S. L. (2006) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.07.002 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Reliability of 2 Instruments for Auditing the Environment for Physical Activity
Brownson, R. C., Hoehner, C. M., Brennan, L. K., Cook, R. A., Elliott, M., & McMullen, K. (2004) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.1.3.191 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationEmery, J., Crump, C., & Bors, P. (2003) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-18.1.38 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
From walkability to active living potential
Gauvin, L. I., Richard, L., Craig, C. L., Spivock, M., Riva, M., Forster, M., Laforest, S., Laberge, S., Fournel, M.-C., Gagnon, H., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.029 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Epstein, L. H., Raja, S., Gold, S. S., Paluch, R. A., Pak, Y., & Roemmich, J. N. (2006) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01761.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Body Mass Index in Urban Canada: Neighborhood and Metropolitan Area Effects
Ross, N. A., Tremblay, S., Khan, S., Crouse, D. L., Tremblay, M. S., & Berthelot, J. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.060954 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Rung, A. L., Gustat, J., Tompkins, B. J., Rice, J. C., & Thomson, J. L. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s176 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Assessment of Influence of Land Use–Transportation System on Travel Behavior
McNally, M. G., & Kulkarni, A. (1997) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.3141/1607-15 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
IPAQ environmental module; reliability testing
Alexander, A., Bergman, P., Hagströmer, M., et al. (2006) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-005-0016-2 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
King, A. C., Toobert, D. J., Ahn, D. K., Resnicow, K., Coday, M., Riebe, D. A., Garber, C. E., Hurtz, S. Q., Morton, J. S., & Sallis, J. F. (2006) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-21.1.24 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationA Multilevel Analysis of Change in Neighborhood Walking Activity in Older Adults
Li, F., Fisher, J. W., & Brownson, R. C. (2005) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.13.2.145 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationActive Neighborhood Checklist: A User-Friendly and Reliable Tool for Assessing Activity Friendliness
Hoehner, C. M., Ivy, A., Ramirez, L. K. B., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-21.6.534 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationMcGinn, A. P., Evenson, K. R., Herring, A. H., Huston, S. L., & Rodrı́guez, D. A. (2008) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.5.1.117 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Developing a Reliable Senior Walking Environmental Assessment Tool
Cunningham, G. O., Michael, Y. L., Farquhar, S. A., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.05.002 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Indicators of Activity-Friendly CommunitiesAn Evidence-Based Consensus Process
Ramirez, L. K. B., Hoehner, C. M., Brownson, R. C., Cook, R. A., Orleans, C. T., Hollander, M., Barker, D. C., Bors, P., Ewing, R., & Killingsworth, R. E. (2006) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.026 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationBrownson, R. C., Kelly, C. M., Eyler, A. A., Carnoske, C., Grost, L., Handy, S., Maddock, J. E., Pluto, D. M., Ritacco, B. A., Sallis, J. F., et al. (2008) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.5.4.488 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationBrownson, R. C., Eyler, A. A., King, A. C., Shyu, Y.-L., Brown, D. R., & Homan, S. M. (1999) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009824 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationTroped, P. J., Cromley, E. K., Fragala, M. S., et al. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s158 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
RESIDENTIAL DENSITY AND TRAVEL PATTERNS: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Steiner, R. (1994) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Boehmer, T. K., Hoehner, C. M., Wyrwich, K. W., Ramirez, L. K. B., & Brownson, R. C. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.1.22 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationValidation of a GIS facilities database: quantification and implications of error.
Boone, J., Gordon-Larsen, P., Stewart, J. D., & Popkin, B. (2008) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.11.008 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Equitable Access to Exercise Facilities
Hillsdon, M. M., Panter, J., FOSTER, C., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.018 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Hume, C., Ball, K., & Salmon, J. (2006) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-3-16 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Sharpe, P. A., Granner, M. L., Hutto, B., & Ainsworth, B. E. (2004) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-18.3.251 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Environmental Indicators: A Tool for Evaluating Community-Based Health-Promotion Programs
Cheadle, A. D., Wagner, E. H., Koepsell, T. D., et al. (1992) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30778-5 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Built Environment and Behavior: Spatial Sampling Using Parcel Data
Lee, C., Moudon, A. V., & Courbois, J.-Y. P. (2005) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.03.003 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Neighborhood Correlates of Urban Trail Use
Lindsey, G. H., Han, Y., Wilson, J. S., et al. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s139 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Assessing the Walkability of the Workplace: A New Audit Tool
Dannenberg, A. L., Cramer, T. W., & Gibson, C. J. (2005) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-20.1.39 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Handbook of Obesity Prevention
Kumanyika, S., & Brownson, R. C. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-47860-9 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationStandards for Environmental Measurement Using GIS: Toward a Protocol for Protocols
Forsyth, A., Schmitz, K. H., Oakes, M., Zimmerman, J., & Koepp, J. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s241 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationGreen, W. A., & Stoltz, R. R. (2004) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.01.001 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cohen, D. A., Ashwood, S., Scott, M., et al. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s129 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Evenson, K. R. (2003) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(03)00160-0 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Biner, P. M., & Kidd, H. J. (1994) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.4220110505 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Local Ordinances That Promote Physical Activity: A Survey of Municipal Policies
Librett, J. J., Yore, M. M., & Schmid, T. L. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1399 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Development and validation of an instrument to measure perceived neighbourhood quality in Taiwan
Yang, M.-J., Yang, M.-S., Shih, C.-H., & Kawachi, I. I. (2002) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.56.7.492 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Evenson, K. R., & McGinn, A. P. (2005) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-2-7 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Support for Policy Interventions to Increase Physical Activity in Rural Missouri
Brownson, R. C., Schmid, T. L., King, A. C., et al. (1998) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-12.4.263 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationEvenson, K. R., Jilcott, S. B., Laraia, B. A., & Ammerman, A. S. (2021) · PubMed Central · doi:10.17615/ykpd-e972 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Characteristics of Urban Sidewalks/Streets and Objectively Measured Physical Activity
Suminski, R. R., Jr., Heinrich, K. M., Poston, W. S. C., Hyder, M., & Pyle, S. A. (2007) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-007-9251-x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Brennan, L. K., Baker, E. A., Haire-Joshu, D. L., & Brownson, R. C. (2003) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198103255375 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationRutt, C., & Coleman, K. J. (2005) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2.3.257 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Racial Differences in Neighborhood Evaluation Standards
John, C. S. (1987) · Urban Affairs Quarterly · doi:10.1177/004208168702200302 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Jago, R., Baranowski, T., & Harris, M. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.2.230 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Porter, D. E., Kirtland, K. A., Neet, M. J., Williams, J. E., & Ainsworth, B. E. (2004) · PubMed Central · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Neighborhood-Level Active Living Buoys for Individuals with Physical Disabilities
Spivock, M., Gauvin, L. I., & Brodeur, J. (2007) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.11.006 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Williams, J. E., Evans, M., Kirtland, K. A., et al. (2004) · Health Promotion Practice · doi:10.1177/1524839903260595 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Modern Geographic Information Systems— Promise and Pitfalls
Melnick, A. L., & Fleming, D. W. (1999) · Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · doi:10.1097/00124784-199903000-00003 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hoehner, C. M., Ivy, A., Ramirez, L. K. B., Meriwether, B., & Brownson, R. C. (2006) · Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · doi:10.1097/00124784-200605000-00008 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationPlanning and the Built Environment:Implications for Obesity Prevention
Handy, S., & Clifton, K. J. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-47860-9_8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR MULTIMODAL AREAWIDE LEVEL OF SERVICE HANDBOOK RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Steiner, R., Bond, A., Miller, D. W., et al. (2004) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The built environment and physical activity.
Williams, C. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Rating neighborhoods for older adult health: results from the African American Health study
Andresen, E. M., Malmstrom, T. K., Wolinsky, F. D., et al. (2008) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-35 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effects of Size of Home Town on Environmental Perception
Pedersen, D. M. (1977) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1977.45.3.955 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 38
- [26]McGinn AP Evenson KR Herring AH Huston SL Rodriguez DA Exploring associations between physical activity and perceived and objective measures of the built environment J Urban Health 2007 84 2 162 84 17273926 PMC2231636
- [65]Troped PJ Saunders RP Pate RR Reininger B Ureda JR Thompson SJ Associations between self-reported and objective physical environmental factors and use of a community rail-trail Prev Med 2001 32 2 191 200 11162346
- [66]Michael Y Beard T Choi D Farquhar S Carlson N Measuring the influence of built neighborhood environments on walking in older adults J Aging Phys Act 2006 14 3 302 12 17090807
- [67]Tilt JH Unfried TM Roca B Using objective and subjective measures of neighborhood greenness and accessible destinations for understanding walking trips and BMI in Seattle, Washington Am J Health Promot 2007 21 4S 371 9 17465183
- [68]McGinn AP Evenson KR Herring AH Huston SL The relationship between leisure, walking, and transportation activity with the natural environment Health Place 2007 13 3 588 602 16935020
- [69]Jilcott SB Evenson KR Laraia BA Ammerman AS Association between physical activity and proximity to physical activity resources among low-income, midlife women Prev Chronic Dis 2007 4 1 A04 17173712 PMC1832127
- [104]Boer R Zheng Y Overton A Ridgeway GK Cohen DA Neighborhood design and walking trips in ten U.S. metropolitan areas Am J Prev Med 2007 32 4 298 304 17383560 PMC1995081
- [105]Braza M Shoemaker W Seeley A Neighborhood design and rates of walking and biking to elementary school in 34 California communities Am J Health Promot 2004 19 2 128 36 15559713
- [107]Cervero R Duncan M Walking, bicycling, and urban landscapes: evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area Am J Public Health 2003 93 1478 83 12948966 PMC1447996
- [110]Kerr J Rosenberg D Sallis JF Saelens BE Frank LD Conway TL Active commuting to school: associations with environment and parental concerns Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006 38 4 787 94 16679998
- [116]Berke EM Koepsell TD Moudon AV Hoskins RE Larson EB Association of the built environment with physical activity and obesity in older persons Am J Public Health 2007 97 3 486 92 17267713 PMC1805010
- [117]Diez Roux AV Evenson KR McGinn AP Availability of recreational resources and physical activity in adults Am J Public Health 2007 97 3 493 9 17267710 PMC1805019
- [118]Ewing R Schmid T Killingsworth R Zlot A Raudenbush S Relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity, obesity, and morbidity Am J Health Promot 2003 18 1 47 57 13677962
- [119]Giles-Corti B Broomhall MH Knuiman M Increasing walking: how important is distance to, attractiveness, and size of public open space? Am J Prev Med 2005 28 2S2 169 76 15694525
- [120]Gomez JE Johnson BA Selva M Sallis JF Violent crime and outdoor physical activity among inner-city youth Prev Med 2004 39 5 876 81 15475019
- [121]Gordon-Larsen P Nelson MC Page P Popkin BM Inequality in the built environment underlies key health disparities in physical activity and obesity Pediatrics 2006 117 2 417 24 16452361
- [122]Hillsdon M Panter J Foster C Jones A The relationship between access and quality of urban green space with population physical activity Public Health 2006 120 12 1127 32 17067646
- [123]Lindsey G Han Y Wilson J Yang J Neighborhood correlates of urban trail use J Phys Act Health 2006 3 1S S139 S157 28834516
- [124]Nelson MC Gordon-Larsen P Song Y Popkin BM Built and social environments associations with adolescent overweight and activity Am J Prev Med 2006 31 2 109 17 16829327
- [126]Ball K Timperio A Salmon J Giles-Corti B Roberts R Crawford D Personal, social and environmental determinants of educational inequalities in walking: a multilevel study J Epidemiol Community Health 2007 61 2 108 14 17234868 PMC2465645
- [127]Cohen DA Ashwood S Scott M Proximity to school and physical activity among middle school girls: the trial of activity for Adolescent Girls Study J Phys Act Health 2006 3 1S S129 S138 28834509
- [129]Duncan M Mummery K Psychosocial and environmental factors associated with physical activity among city dwellers in regional Queensland Prev Med 2005 40 4 363 72 15530589
- [130]Epstein LH Raja S Gold SS Paluch RA Pak Y Roemmich JN Reducing sedentary behavior: the relationship between park area and the physical activity of youth Psychol Sci 2006 17 8 654 9 16913945
- [133]Frank LD Schmid TL Sallis JF Chapman J Saelens BE Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form: findings from SMARTRAQ Am J Prev Med 2005 28 2S2 117 25 15694519
- [135]Hillsdon M Panter J Foster C Jones A Equitable access to exercise facilities Am J Prev Med 2007 32 6 506 8 17533066
- [136]King WC Belle SH Brach JS Simkin-Silverman LR Soska T Kriska AM Objective measures of neighborhood environment and physical activity in older women Am J Prev Med 2005 28 5 461 9 15894150
- [137]Kligerman M Sallis JF Ryan S Frank LD Nader PR Association of neighborhood design and recreation environment variables with physical activity and body mass index in adolescents Am J Health Promot 2007 21 4 274 7 17375494
- [138]Lee C Moudon AV Correlates of walking for transportation or recreation purposes J Phys Act Health 2006 3 1S S77 S98 28834524
- [140]Roemmich JN Epstein LH Raja S Yin L The neighborhood and home environments: disparate relationships with physical activity and sedentary behaviors in youth Ann Behav Med 2007 33 1 29 38 17291168
- [141]Troped PJ Saunders RP Pate RR Reininger B Ureda JR Thompson SJ Associations between self-reported and objective physical environmental factors and use of a community rail-trail Prev Med 2001 32 2 191 200 11162346
- [142]Wendel-Vos GC Schuit AJ de Niet R Boshuizen HC Saris WH Kromhout D Factors of the physical environment associated with walking and bicycling Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004 36 4 725 30 15064601
- [143]Burdette HL Whitaker RC Neighborhood playgrounds, fast food restaurants, and crime: relationships to overweight in low-income preschool children Prev Med 2004 38 1 57 63 14672642
- [144]Ewing R Brownson RC Berrigan D Relationship between urban sprawl and weight of United States youth Am J Prev Med 2006 31 6 464 74 17169708 PMC1880893
- [145]Frank LD Andresen MA Schmid TL Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars Am J Prev Med 2004 27 2 87 96 15261894
- [146]Lopez R Urban sprawl and risk for being overweight or obese Am J Public Health 2004 94 9 1574 9 15333317 PMC1448496
- [147]Ross NA Tremblay S Khan S Crouse D Tremblay M Berthelot JM Body mass index in urban Canada: neighborhood and metropolitan area effects Am J Public Health 2007 97 3 500 8 17267734 PMC1805015
- [148]Rundle A Roux AV Free LM Miller D Neckerman KM Weiss CC The urban built environment and obesity in New York City: a multilevel analysis Am J Health Promot 2007 21 4S 326 34 17465178
- [149]Alexander E Density measures: a review and analysis J Archit Plann Res 1993 10 3 181 202
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neighborhood Environment and Physical Activity Among Youth
Ding, D., Sallis, J. F., Kerr, J., Lee, S., & Rosenberg, D. E. (2011) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.036 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
Self-citationMozaffarian, D., Afshin, A., Benowitz, N. L., Bittner, V., Daniels, S. R., Franch, H. A., Jacobs, D. R., Kraus, W. E., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Krummel, D. A., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318260a20b · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Tribby, C. P., Miller, H. J., Brown, B. B., Werner, C. M., & Smith, K. R. (2017) · Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science · doi:10.1177/0265813516659286 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Neighborhood Walking Environment and Activity Level Are Associated With OSA
Billings, M. E., Johnson, D. A., Simonelli, G., Moore, K., Patel, S. R., Diez Roux, A. V., & Redline, S. (2016) · Chest · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2016.06.012 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Perceptions of Midwest Rural Women Related to Their Physical Activity and Eating Behaviors
Peterson, J., Schmer, C., & Ward-Smith, P. (2013) · Journal of Community Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/07370016.2013.778722 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
- Authors
- Brownson, R. C., Hoehner, C. M., Day, K., Forsyth, A., & Sallis, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- San Diego State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brownson, Ross C.
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- S99-S123.e12
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2844244
- OpenAlex
- W2097133198
- Cited by
- 1,318
- References
- 171
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 109 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 102 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 101 · 2013: 85 · 2012: 80
- FWCI
- 158.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r18dk061706-04)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R18 DK061706)
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U48-DP000060)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- built environment, physical activity, physical inactivity, environmental perception, environmental auditing, mixed land use, population density, street layout, neighborhood environment, questionnaire development
- MeSH terms
- Environment Design, Environmental Monitoring, Forecasting, Health Promotion, Humans, Leisure Activities, Management Audit, Motor Activity, Physical Fitness, Population Dynamics, Recreation, Research Design, Social Environment, United States, Reproducibility of Results, Health Behavior, Exercise, Risk Reduction Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
