Cited by 126Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

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Adherence to the 2008 Adult Physical Activity Guidelines and Mortality Risk

Schoenborn, Charlotte A., Stommel, Manfred·2011·American Journal of Preventive Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.029

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Abstract

Background Mortality differentials by level and intensity of physical activity have been widely documented. A comprehensive review of scientific evidence of the health benefits of physical activity led the USDHHS to issue new Federal Guidelines for physical activity in 2008. Reductions in mortality risk associated with adherence to these Guidelines among the general U.S. adult population have not yet been studied.Purpose This study compared the relative mortality risks of U.S. adults who met the 2008 Guidelines with adults who did not meet the recommendations.Methods Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the relative mortality risks of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years, using data from the 1997-2004 National Health Interview Survey and linked mortality records for deaths occurring in 1997-2006 (analyzed in 2010). Risks for adults with and without chronic health conditions were examined separately.Results Meeting the recommendations for aerobic activity was associated with substantial survival benefits, especially among the population having chronic conditions, with estimated hazard ratios ranging from 0.65 to 0.75 (p<0.05). While strengthening activities by themselves did not appear to reduce mortality risks, they may provide added survival benefits to those already engaged in aerobic activities. The relative benefits of physical activity were greatest among adults who had at least one chronic condition.Conclusions Adherence to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines was associated with reduced all-cause mortality risks among U.S. adults, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, BMI, smoking, and alcohol use.

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No short-term savings in health care expenditures for physically active adults.
Chevan, J., & Roberts, D. E. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.020 · Cited by 20
The protective role of regular aerobic exercise on vascular function with aging
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Lifelong physical activity attenuates age- and Western-style diet-related declines in physical function and adverse changes in skeletal muscle mass and inflammation
Clayton, Z. S., Gioscia‐Ryan, R. A., Justice, J. N., Lubieniecki, K. L., Hutton, D. A., Rossman, M. J., Zigler, M. C., & Seals, D. R. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111632 · Cited by 14
Leisure-time physical activity and mortality from influenza and pneumonia: a cohort study of 577 909 US adults
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de la Motte, S. J., Welsh, M. M., Castle, V., Burnett, D., Gackstetter, G. D., Littman, A. J., Boyko, E. J., & Hooper, T. I. (2018) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.023 · Cited by 15
Physical Activity Epidemiology
Weber, A., Schmid, D., & Leitzmann, M. F. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6625-3_67-1 · Cited by 16
Benefits of Exercise in the Elderly
Amsterdam, E. A., & Kappagoda, C. T. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0268-2_11 · Cited by 14
“[7–9] formed the basis of a series of recommendations from several national agencies that addressed the need for healthy older adults to increase their level of physical activity [10, 11].”
Background
A multi-trial, retrospective analysis of the antihypertensive effects of high-resistance, low-volume inspiratory muscle strength training
Craighead, D. H., Tavoian, D., Freeberg, K. A., Mazzone, J. L., Vranish, J. R., DeLucia, C. M., Seals, D. R., & Bailey, E. F. (2022) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00425.2022 · Cited by 12
My Family Medical History and Me: Feasibility Results of a Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Intervention
Imes, C. C., Lewis, F. M., Austin, M. A., & Dougherty, C. M. (2014) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.12130 · Cited by 12
A retrospective analysis of policy development on compliance with World Health Organization’s physical activity recommendations between 2002 and 2005 in European Union adults: closing the gap between research and policy
Mayo, X., Álvarez, F. D. V., Iglesias‐Soler, E., Liguori, G. A., Mann, S., & Jiménez, A. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5986-4 · Cited by 11
Translational Potential of High-Resistance Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training
Craighead, D. H., Freeberg, K. A., Maurer, G. S., Myers, V. H., & Seals, D. R. (2022) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000293 · Cited by 10
“Despite the efficacy of aerobic exercise for exerting numerous CV benefits, over 60% of midlife and older adults in the United States do not meet these physical activity guidelines (16,17).”
Background
The Independent and Combined Effects of Aerobic Physical Activity and Muscular Strengthening Activity on All-Cause Mortality: An Analysis of Effect Modification by Race-Ethnicity
Boyer, W. R., Churilla, J. R., Miller, A., Gillum, T., & Penny, M. (2020) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0581 · Cited by 10
Weight training and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality among older adults
Shailendra, P., Baldock, K. L., Li, L. S. K., Gorzelitz, J., Matthews, C. E., Trabert, B. L., Bennie, J. A., & Boyle, T. (2024) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyae074 · Cited by 9
Do intrapersonal factors mediate the association of social support with physical activity in young women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods? A longitudinal mediation analysis
Middelweerd, A., Velde, S. J. T., Abbott, G., Timperio, A. F., Brug, J., & Ball, K. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173231 · Cited by 9
Examining barriers, physical activity, and weight change among parents and nonparents in a weight loss intervention
Nezami, B. T., Jakicic, J. M., Lang, W., Davis, K. K., & Tate, D. F. (2019) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.401 · Cited by 7
Variations in area-level disadvantage of Australian registered fitness trainers usual training locations
Bennie, J. A., Thornton, L. E., van Uffelen, J. G. Z., Banting, L., & Biddle, S. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3250-3 · Cited by 7
“Recent estimates based on self-reported data suggest that globally between 40 and 60 % of adults meet the moderate to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity guidelines [5], 15–30 % meet the strength training guidelines [6–10], whilst only 10–20 % meet the combined moderate to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical…”
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Tailoring Assessments and Prescription in Cardiac Rehabilitation for Older Adults
Singh, M. A. F. (2019) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2019.07.013 · Cited by 8
Lack of Exercise of "Moderate to Vigorous" Intensity in People with Low Levels of Physical Activity Is a Major Discriminant for Sociodemographic Factors and Morbidity
Serrano, J. A., Bello-Lujan, L. M., Auyanet-Batista, J. M., Fernández-Rodríguez, M. J., & González, J. J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115321 · Cited by 8
“Cardiorespiratory fitness is one of the best predictors of longevity [1, 9] and lower morbidity [10–11].”
Background
Long-term resistance training with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: assessing dose-response and joint associations with aerobic physical activity
Zhang, Y., Lee, D. H., Rezende, L. F. M., Ma, Y., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2026) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2025-110503 · Cited by 7
“6 11 12 Clarifying this relationship is of significant public health importance, as it would offer clearer guidance on how to best incorporate these two forms of physical activity to maximise mortality risk reduction.”
Evaluating Step Counting Algorithms on Subsecond Wrist-Worn Accelerometry: A Comparison Using Publicly Available Data Sets
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Factores asociados con la adherencia a la actividad física en el tiempo libre
Vélez, E. F. A., Villada, F. A. P., & Cardona, G. D. (2014) · Educación Física y Deporte · doi:10.17533/udea.efyd.v33n1a08 · Cited by 6
The influence of active video game play upon physical activity and screen-based activities in sedentary children
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“1% of adolescents met this criteria [2], contributing to poorer physical and mental health [3, 4] and increased mortality during adulthood [5, 6].”
Background
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Beyler, N., & Beyler, A. (2017) · Journal of Official Statistics · doi:10.1515/jos-2017-0025 · Cited by 5
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Adjaye-Gbewonyo, K., Sabatino, S. A., & White, M. C. (2013) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-012-0187-7 · Cited by 5
“In our analysis, as in previous research [25], only LTPAwas measured, though other forms of physical activity (e.”
MethodInfluential
Neighborhood Social Predictors of Weight-related Measures in Underserved African-Americans in the PATH Trial
McDaniel, T. C., Wilson, D. K., Coulon, S. M., Hand, G. A., & Siceloff, E. R. (2015) · Ethnicity & Disease · doi:10.18865/ed.25.4.405 · Cited by 5
The Association of Physical Activity and Mortality Risk Reduction Among Smokers: Results From 1998–2009 National Health Interview Surveys–National Death Index Linkage
Siahpush, M., Levan, T. D., Nguyen, M. L., Grimm, B. L., Ramos, A. K., Michaud, T. L., & Johansson, P. L. (2019) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2018-0263 · Cited by 5
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Chen, Y., Fredericson, M., Matheson, G. O., & Phillips, E. M. (2013) · Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports · doi:10.1007/s40141-013-0006-1 · Cited by 5
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Dregney, T. M., Thul, C. M., Linde, J. A., & Lewis, B. A. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0323195 · Cited by 6
“Long-term PA participation is related to mental health benefits including improved cognitive function, reduced anxiety and depression risk, and improved quality of life [1,5].”
Physical activity levels of allied health professionals working in a large Australian metropolitan health district – an observational study
Zafiropoulos, B., Alison, J. A., & Heard, R. C. (2019) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s189513 · Cited by 4
“age (years) 35 (12) BMi (kg/m2) 23 (4) Years working as an allied health professional 11 (10) Variables n (%) gender Male 30 (24) Female 96 (76) employment status Full-time 100 (79) Part-time 26 (21) allied health discipline Physiotherapy 54 (43) Occupational therapy 26 (20) nutrition and dietetics 15 (12) Psychology…”
Background
Adherence
Burke, L. E., Zheng, Y., & Wang, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-93826-4_19 · Cited by 5
Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease
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Objectively-measured physical activity patterns and longitudinal weight category status in a rural setting
Cook, I. (2019) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4660-y · Cited by 3
Wanted: long term studies on massage therapy in hypertension
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“18 The Pooled Analysis Study of six cohorts of United States adults aged 21 – 98 years also supported that performing su ﬃ cient moderate or vigorous intensity activities has longevity bene ﬁ ts. 19 Two studies found that older adults aged ≥ 65 years who engaged in su ﬃ cient LTPA had lower risk of…”
Background
Acute Coronary Syndromes
Patel, S. K. (2017) · The American Pharmacists Association eBooks · doi:10.21019/pharmacotherapyfirst.acs_overview · Cited by 2

Authors: Schoenborn, C. A., & Stommel, M.
Affiliations: National Center for Health Statistics (US)
Michigan State University (US)
Corresponding author: Schoenborn, Charlotte A.
ORCID: Stommel, Manfred
Venue: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-05
Volume: 40
Issue: 5
Pages: 514-521
ISSN: 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.029
OpenAlex: W2134412124
Cited by: 126
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 8.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords: physical activity guidelines, all-cause mortality, guideline adherence, aerobic exercise, resistance training, chronic disease, survival benefit, adults, National Health Interview Survey
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Risk, United States, United States Dept. of Health and Human Services, Exercise, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis, Guidelines as Topic, Guideline Adherence, Young Adult

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Adherence to the 2008 Adult Physical Activity Guidelines and Mortality Risk

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