An ethical framework for automated, wearable cameras in health behavior research.
Abstract
Technologic advances mean automated, wearable cameras are now feasible for investigating health behaviors in a public health context. This paper attempts to identify and discuss the ethical implications of such research, in relation to existing guidelines for ethical research in traditional visual methodologies. Research using automated, wearable cameras can be very intrusive, generating unprecedented levels of image data, some of it potentially unflattering or unwanted. Participants and third parties they encounter may feel uncomfortable or that their privacy has been affected negatively. This paper attempts to formalize the protection of all according to best ethical principles through the development of an ethical framework. Respect for autonomy, through appropriate approaches to informed consent and adequate privacy and confidentiality controls, allows for ethical research, which has the potential to confer substantial benefits on the field of health behavior research.
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Kang, H., Han, J., & Kwon, G. H. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/19625 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Small, S. R., Chan, S., Walmsley, R., Fritsch, L. V., Acquah, A., Mertes, G., Feakins, B. G., Creagh, A., Strange, A., Matthews, C. E., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.02.20.23285750 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationWearable camera-derived microenvironments in relation to personal exposure to PM2.5
Salmon, M., Milà, C., Bhogadi, S., Addanki, S., Madhira, P., Muddepaka, N., Mora, A., Sanchez, M., Kinra, S., Sreekanth, V., et al. (2018) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.021 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationEthical Considerations and Checklist for Affective Research With Wearables
Behnke, M., Saganowski, S., Kunc, D., & Kazienko, P. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2022.3222524 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wearable Cameras: Identifying Healthy Transportation Choices
Doherty, A., Kelly, P., & Foster, C. E. (2013) · IEEE Pervasive Computing · doi:10.1109/mprv.2013.21 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationAnnapurna: Building a Real-World Smartwatch-Based Automated Food Journal
Sen, S., Subbaraju, V., Misra, A., Balan, R. K., & Lee, Y. (2018) · IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM) · doi:10.1109/wowmom.2018.8449755 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Evaluating Users’ Experiences of a Child Multimodal Wearable Device: Mixed Methods Approach
McElwain, N. L., Fisher, M. C., Nebeker, C., Bodway, J. M., Islam, B., & Hasegawa‐Johnson, M. (2023) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/49316 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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National Food Intake Assessment: Technologies to Advance Traditional Methods
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Public restroom detection on mobile phone via active probing
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Everyday visual demands of people with low vision: A mixed methods real-life recording study
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Personality assessment in daily life
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- Authors
- Kelly, P., Marshall, S. J., Badland, H., Kerr, J., Oliver, M., Doherty, A. R., & Foster, C.
- Affiliations
- British Heart Foundation (GB)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 314-319
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1991731112
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 11
- FWCI
- 74.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- British Heart Foundation (021/P&C/core/2010/HPRG)
- Irish Health Research Board (MCPD/2010/12)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Participatory Visual Research Methods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics in Clinical Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Keywords
- health behavior research, research ethics, ethical frameworks, privacy, confidentiality, informed consent, respect for autonomy, visual methods, image data, disease surveillance
- MeSH terms
- Confidentiality, Health Surveys, Humans, Informed Consent, Interpersonal Relations, Photography, Health Behavior, Computers, Handheld, Cell Phone
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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