The DOI matches its Crossref record; 119 of the 122 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Mediterranean Diet, its Components, and Cardiovascular Disease
Open accessAbstract
One of the best-studied diets for cardiovascular health is the Mediterranean diet. This consists of fish, monounsaturated fats from olive oil, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes/nuts, and moderate alcohol consumption. The Mediterranean diet has been shown to reduce the burden, or even prevent the development, of cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, depression, colorectal cancer, diabetes, obesity, asthma, erectile dysfunction, and cognitive decline. This diet is also known to improve surrogates of cardiovascular disease, such as waist-to-hip ratio, lipids, and markers of inflammation, as well as primary cardiovascular disease outcomes such as death and events in both observational and randomized controlled trial data. These enhancements easily rival those seen with more established tools used to fight cardiovascular disease such as aspirin, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and exercise. However, it is unclear if the Mediterranean diet offers cardiovascular disease benefit from its individual constituents or in aggregate. Furthermore, the potential benefit of the Mediterranean diet or its components is not yet validated by concrete cardiovascular disease endpoints in randomized trials or observational studies. This review will focus on the effects of the whole and parts of the Mediterranean diet with regard to both population-based and experimental data highlighting cardiovascular disease morbidity or mortality and cardiovascular disease surrogates when hard outcomes are not available. Our synthesis will highlight the potential for the Mediterranean diet to act as a key player in cardiovascular disease prevention, and attempt to identify certain aspects of the diet that are particularly beneficial for cardioprotection.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Specific dietary patterns, such as low-glycemic index (GI), Mediterranean, and ketogenic diets, have shown promise in improving insulin sensitivity and hormonal balance in PCOS [10–12].”
From Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This diet, characterized by olive oil [63], abundant fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, fish, and moderate wine consumption, is associated with a 25% reduction in overall mortality and significantly lower rates of cardiovascular diseases [64].”
From The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome's Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine-Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento (2025) · cites this paper as [64]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The Mediterranean diet is characterized by high intake of polyphenols and unsaturated fats, with most of the beneficial effects from this diet being attributed to the high polyphenol intake [6,7].”
From Polyphenol Microbial Metabolites Exhibit Gut and Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability and Protect Murine Microglia against LPS-Induced Inflammation (2019) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Diets such as the Mediterranean diet or the DASH diet may further enhance these effects [257].”
From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [257]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Moreover, the MD consists of many components rich in mono-unsaturated fatty acid such as oleic acid, in olive oil, omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as alpha- linolenic acid in tree nuts, like walnuts, high amounts of flavonoids and antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables and high amounts of dietary fibers that have a great impact on the composition of gut microbiota—all considered to”
From Mediterranean Diet as an Antioxidant: The Impact on Metabolic Health and Overall Wellbeing (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
3 retracted
RETRACTED: Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet
Estruch, R., Ros, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Covas, M.-I., Corella, D., Arós, F., Gómez-Gracia, E., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V., Fiol, M., Lapetra, J., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1200303 · Cited by 4,257 · cited 2×
“However, recent RCT data mentioned early in the review offer evidence that the Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts offers primary cardiovascular disease-prevention benefits.(21) Again, these benefits were seen in conjunction with the remainder of the Mediterranean diet, so ascribing the benefit solely to nuts wo…”
MethodResultRetractedEstruch, R., Ros, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Covas, M.-I., Corella, D., Arós, F., Gómez-Gracia, E., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V., Fiol, M., Lapetra, J., et al. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1806491 · Cited by 1,008
RetractedSmoking cessation for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
Critchley, J., & Capewell, S. (2003) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003041.pub2 · Cited by 342 · cited 1×
“Estimates of lifestyle modifications such as the Mediterranean diet as a whole (106), fruits and vegetables (59, 61, 62), smoking cessation (103), moderate alcohol (105), omega-3 fatty acids (110), and improved physical activity (102) have substantial benefits for CVD prevention not seen with commonly used standard me…”
BackgroundRetractedZhang, Q., Wang, C., Zheng, M., Li, Y., Li, J., Zhang, L., Shang, X., & Yan, C. (2014) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000369778 · Cited by 11,609
European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)
Authors/Task Force Members:, Perk, J., De Backer, G., Gohlke, H., Graham, I., Reiner, Ž., Verschuren, M., Albus, C., Benlian, P., Boysen, G., et al. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs092 · Cited by 8,490
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2010 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, Lloyd-Jones, D., Adams, R. J., Brown, T. M., Carnethon, M., Dai, S., De Simone, G., Ferguson, T. B., Ford, E., Furie, K., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.192667 · Cited by 5,700
European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary
Graham, I., Atar, D., Borch‐Johnsen, K., Boysen, G., Burell, G. K., Cífková, R., Dallongeville, J., Backer, G. D., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Gjelsvik, B., et al. (2007) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm316 · Cited by 3,865
(1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)07072-5 · Cited by 3,812 · cited 1×
“numerous RCTs with the principal sources for these data are the Diet and reinfarction trial (DART), Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevention, and Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study JELIS studies (30-33).”
BackgroundFish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease
Kris-Etherton, P. M., Harris, W. S., & Appel, L. J. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000038493.65177.94 · Cited by 3,707
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Carroll, 2002, Evidence for the cardioprotective effects of omega-3 Fatty acids, Ann Pharmacother, 36, 1950, 10.1345/aph.1A314 · DOI · Paper page
- Lichtenstein, 2009, Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee, Circulation, 114, 82, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.176158 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 963
Variedad en la calidad de la dieta en adultos españoles y mexicanos
Martı́nez-Bebiá, M., Latorre, J. A., Giménez-Blasi, N., Anaya‐Loyola, M. A., López-Moro, A., Jiménez‐Monreal, A. M., Olea‐Serrano, F., & Mariscal‐Arcas, M. (2021) · Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición · doi:10.37527/2021.71.2.005 · Cited by 3
The Handbook of Wellness Medicine
Snellings, J. E. (2021) · Family Medicine · doi:10.22454/fammed.2021.204951 · Cited by 3
Olivares-Hernández, A., Figuero-Pérez, L., González‐Sarmiento, R., Jiménez, D. L., Cruz, J. J., & Miramontes‐González, J. P. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11188445 · Cited by 3
“A Mediterranean diet features a high concentration of antioxidants (fruits and vegetables), foods low in cholesterol, and unsaturated fatty acids (present in fish and olive oil) [32].”
BackgroundVilugrón, F., Fernández, N., Letelier, J., Medina, A., & Torrejón, M. (2022) · Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética · doi:10.14306/renhyd.26.1.1438 · Cited by 6
Antiatherogenic Properties of Olive Oil Glycolipids
Karantonis, H. C. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781119135340.ch25 · Cited by 3
Fats: Nutritional and Physiological Importance
Luca, L. D. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.22143-4 · Cited by 3
Kurhaluk, N., Kołodziejska, R., Buyun, L., Kamiński, P., & Tkaczenko, H. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27083461 · Cited by 3
“Diets such as the Mediterranean diet or the DASH diet may further enhance these effects [257].”
Senouci, A., Benhabib, W., Fizi, R., & Mekki, K. (2023) · Current Women s Health Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573404820666230706105736 · Cited by 2
Chen, H., Wang, J., Guo, H., Zhao, Q., Lin, G., Hocher, B., Kalk, P., Wang, Z., & Gong, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1371077 · Cited by 2
Post-Ischemic Stroke Cardiovascular Risk Prevention and Management
Guo, Y., Pan, D., Wan, H., & Yang, J. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12141415 · Cited by 2
“The benefits of Mediterranean diet on the cardiovascular system may be attributed to the synergistic effects of various nutrients in the diet, which exert their effects on regulation of blood pressure, lipids, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascades through various mechanisms [69,70].”
BackgroundInfluence of Dietary Habits on Macular Pigment in Childhood
Ponce‐García, V., Bautista‐Llamas, M., & García-Romera, M.-C. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14082668 · Cited by 2
“…cancer, diabetes or obesity due to its high content of extra virgin olive oil, leafy green vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes and eggs, all of which are rich in vitamins, minerals and xanthophyll carotenoids [1–3], such as Lutein (L) and Zeaxanthin (Z), which cannot be synthetized by the human body.”
Wu, J., Lin, X., Zeng, Q., Zeng, X., Cao, G., Xie, M., Luo, J., Li, L., Zeng, G., & Liu, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1570733 · Cited by 2
“Furthermore, whole grain consumption is strongly associated with a reduced risk of various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer (39, 48–53).”
Gaeini, Z., Mirzaee, S., Mirmiran, P., & Azizi, F. (2025) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-025-01023-w · Cited by 2
“A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, such as the Mediterranean diet, was linked to a reduced risk of CVD [24].”
Impacts of Diets and Food Plans in Health and Diseases—A Narrative Review
Rahman, M. M., Pandit, M., Thukral, B., & Khandoker, M. M. (2025) · Food Safety and Health · doi:10.1002/fsh3.70043 · Cited by 2
“…this diet is also known to improve surrogates of cardiovascular disease, such as waist‐to‐hip ratio, lipids, and markers of inflammation, as well as primary cardiovascular disease outcomes such as death and events in both observational and randomized controlled trial data (Widmer et al. 2015).”
Shin, H. R., & Song, S. (2025) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-025-03806-7 · Cited by 2
Mediterranean Diet as a Therapeutic Strategy for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Health
Liweleya, S., Sibbenga, F., Luwaya, E. L., Muchaili, L., Siame, L., Chipuma, M., Muyupi, K., Tembo, T., Lwiindi, P. C., Hatwiko, H., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1155/ijhy/2369674 · Cited by 4
Aukštakalnienė, G., Lukšienė, D., Tamošiūnas, A., Šileikienė, L., & Lesauskaite, V. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1722066 · Cited by 2
Clinical Management of Episodic Memory Changes in Dementia
Tsai, P. (2018) · Current Treatment Options in Neurology · doi:10.1007/s11940-018-0491-8 · Cited by 2
van Beers, M., Meis, J. J. M., van de Bool, C., Schols, A. M. W. J., & Kremers, S. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.nutos.2021.10.003 · Cited by 2
Moyo, G., Montenegro‐Montenegro, E., Stickley, Z. L., Egal, A. A., & Oldewage-Theron, W. H. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182312825 · Cited by 2
“Prior research suggests that dietary quality, specifically the intakes of fresh vegetables and fruit, whole grains and fish, has been found to have a protective effect on CVD, whereas a high intake of added sugar, sodium and refined carbohydrates [7,30] and dietary fat, particularly trans fatty acids, have been identi…”
BackgroundNutritional status and dietary behaviours of Northern Algeria university students
Aidoud, A., Elahcene, O., Bravo, R., & Ugartemendia, L. (2021) · Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Alimentaria · doi:10.2478/ausal-2021-0001 · Cited by 2
Landi, N., Ragucci, S., Fiorentino, M., Guida, V., & Maro, A. D. (2017) · Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria · doi:10.17306/j.afs.2017.0510 · Cited by 2
Yu, Z., Liu, X., Xing, Y., Wang, X., Wang, X., Huang, Y., Han, L., & Pan, G. (2022) · Chromatographia · doi:10.1007/s10337-022-04201-8 · Cited by 2
Ferraro, B., Giustetto, P., Schengel, O., Weckbach, L. T., Mäegdefessel, L., & Soehnlein, O. (2023) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/a-2005-8784 · Cited by 2
Psychological Well-Being and Positive Emotions
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0012 · Cited by 2
An electrochemical access to 2-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxanes derived from hydroxytyrosol
Neudörffer, A., Deschamps, P., Largeron, M., & Deguin, B. (2024) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d3ob01858j · Cited by 2
2023 Update in ambulatory general internal medicine
Alexander, J. T., Singh, S. K., Shah, S. D., Lambert, B., & Smith, J. P. (2024) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.91a.23056 · Cited by 2
“14,15 Estruch et al 16 demonstrated that the Mediterranean diet was more effective than a reduced-fat diet as primary prevention for patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease.”
BackgroundYang, Y., Zhang, D., Chen, B., & Huang, X. (2024) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637486.2024.2314682 · Cited by 2
“Nuts have also been linked to reduced waist circumference (Widmer et al. 2015).”
İnsan Sağlığında Koruyucu Yaklaşımlar
Yücel, H., Özgöbek, H. R., Toptaner, N. E., Kolcu, M., Korkmaz, N., Ünveren, Y., Aracı, A., Uzlaşır, S., Sari, M. E., KILINÇ, H. E., et al. (2022) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.944 · Cited by 3
Fitzgerald, M., & Papp, V. (2024) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075241235966 · Cited by 2
“For example, diet is a nearly ubiquitous prescription for increasing physical health among physicians; however, the effect sizes of diet on health are unimpressive (e.g., Widmer et al., 2015).”
BackgroundEstrategias para la prevención y tratamiento no farmacológico de la diabetes. Modelos de atención
López, M. A. B. (2024) · Atención Primaria · doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2024.102947 · Cited by 7
Role of diet in the development of oxidative stress
Farid, R., Siddiqui, S., & Haque, Z. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-18807-7.00003-x · Cited by 2
Kerna, N. A., Ngwu, D. C., Jomsky, B. M., Holets, H. M., Nnake, I., Jeremiah, S. M., Flores, J. V., Pruitt, K. D., Carsrud, N. D. V., Senat, A. J. B., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Medical and Health Research · doi:10.59324/ejmhr.2024.2(5).15 · Cited by 3
Rayo, V. U., Okamoto, L., Cervantes, M., Hong, M. Y., Jason, N., Kern, M., Liu, C., North, E., Storm, S., Witard, O. C., et al. (2024) · Human Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200291 · Cited by 2
Treatment of obesity in spinal cord injury with tirzepatide: a case report
Juszczak, M., & Shem, K. L. (2025) · Spinal Cord Series and Cases · doi:10.1038/s41394-025-00699-w · Cited by 2
Exploring adherence and attitude towards the Mediterranean diet in a Spanish population
Posta, A. (2019) · Developments in Health Sciences · doi:10.1556/2066.2.2019.010 · Cited by 2
“It is associated with values such as frugality and diversity, and, among countless other advantages, is strongly associated with low cardiovascular morbidity [1] and low incidence of cancer.”
BackgroundPotensi Manfaat Kardioprotektif dari Minyak Zaitun
Mustikyantoro, A. P. J. (2020) · JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN SANDI HUSADA · doi:10.35816/jiskh.v12i2.431 · Cited by 2
Senouci, A., Benharrat, L. I., Zemmour, A., Benhabib, W., & Mekki, K. (2021) · The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research · doi:10.51745/najfnr.5.12.93-99 · Cited by 2
The Effect of Mediterranean Diet Compliance on COVID-19 Symptoms and Disease Severity
Boyraz, Ö., ALATAŞ, H., Toğuç, H., Delen, L. A., Çavdar, B., Nacar, E., & Yaprak, B. (2022) · Journal of Molecular Virology and Immunology · doi:10.46683/jmvi.2022.55 · Cited by 2
Potassium-sparing effects of furosemide in mice on high-potassium diets
Wang, B., & Sansom, S. C. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00614.2018 · Cited by 2
The Nurse's Role in Counseling Patients at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease Using the 5As Model
Storer, S. (2019) · Holistic Nursing Practice · doi:10.1097/hnp.0000000000000332 · Cited by 2
Perera, D. M., & Moe, J. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108650182.005 · Cited by 2
Wellness Interventions in the Workplace
Chernoff, R. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108650182.020 · Cited by 2
Sharma‐Brymer, V., Dashper, K. L., & Brymer, E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108650182.034 · Cited by 2
Effects and Issues of Diet Fat on Cardiovascular Metabolism
Nishikawa, Y. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.93261 · Cited by 2
“inflammation, and antioxidant activity [192, 211].”
Alimentation et asthme : mieux se nourrir fait-il mieux respirer ?
Guilleminault, L. (2021) · Revue des Maladies Respiratoires · doi:10.1016/j.rmr.2021.02.064 · Cited by 2
Ta, A., Щербак, В. А., Skobova, Y. B., Iliyn, G. H., Aksenov, K. O., Irbetkina, A. A., & Sarapulova, E. B. (2021) · Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология · doi:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-186-2-58-64 · Cited by 2
Lifestyle modifications and complementary treatments for hidradenitis suppurativa
De, D. R., Rick, J. W., Shih, T., Alavi, A., Hsiao, J. L., & Shi, V. Y. (2022) · Dermatological Reviews · doi:10.1002/der2.117 · Cited by 2
“The Mediterranean diet is the most well‐studied dietary pattern for HS and has been shown to improve cardiovascular health.(37,38) The anti‐inflammatory diet consists of fish, monounsaturated fats from olive oil, vegetables, whole grains, legumes/nuts, and moderate alcohol consumption (two drinks or less in a day for…”
BackgroundThe Mediterranean Diet's Role and Sustainability in Healthy Nutrition
Deniz, G., & Saleki, N. (2022) · Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.29228/aijhs.18 · Cited by 2
Updates in the Medical and Nutritional Management of Short Gut Syndrome
Mathews, S. N., & Ravella, S. (2023) · Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s11938-023-00419-z · Cited by 2
Chen, W., Li, Y., Li, M., Li, H., Chen, C., & Lin, Y. (2024) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-024-00511-9 · Cited by 2
“Other studies have reported that the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in vegetables and fruits, negatively correlated with the risk of AAC [31, 32].”
BackgroundMalani, K. A., Pradhan, S., Roberts, M. B., Saquib, N., Snetselaar, L. G., Shadyab, A. H., & Eaton, C. B. (2024) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-024-07092-2 · Cited by 2
“Moreover, overall healthy diets have been associated with both reduced RA and CVD risk [5, 10, 16, 17].”
InfluentialRhimi, S., Jablaoui, A., Hernandez, J. L., Mariaule, V., Akermi, N., Méric, T., Mkaouar, H., Wysocka, M., Lesner, A., Borgi, M. A., et al. (2024) · Animal Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s42523-024-00357-w · Cited by 3
Dietary Antioxidants in Mitigating Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Ghose, S., Varshney, S., Chakraborty, R., & Sengupta, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8273-4_5 · Cited by 2
A Mediterranean-Style Diet in association with gastroesophageal reflux disease in adolescentsPreprint
Vasmehjani, A. A., Beigrezaei, S., Nafei, Z., Behniafard, N., Aflatoonian, M., Darabi, Z., & Salehi‐Abargouei, A. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1794732/v1 · Cited by 2
Well-Being and Work–Life Balance
Bolton, M. A., Lobben, I., Pruzinsky, T., & Stern, T. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108650182.046 · Cited by 1
Forgiveness, Gratitude, and Spirituality
Idicula, S. A., Thrower, N., & Lomax, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108650182.029 · Cited by 1
Bokarius, V., & Bokarius, A. V. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108650182.037 · Cited by 2
Wellness Interventions in Patients Living with Chronic Medical Conditions
Steiner, A. J., Aguilar-Hernandez, L., Pizano, D. R., Dascal, J., & IsHak, W. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108650182.014 · Cited by 1
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0025 · Cited by 1
Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0010 · Cited by 2
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0014 · Cited by 4
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0015 · Cited by 1
Vasanthakumari, P., Kumarakuru, K., & Yousuff, N. (2023) · Journal of Mid-life Health · doi:10.4103/jmh.jmh_53_23 · Cited by 1
“[4] Behavioral interventions that focus on the adjustment of personal practices and habits along with the provision of nutrition education are known to have an impact on both the nutrition and health outcomes of people who have HTN. [5] Implementation of nutrition education intervention that…”
BackgroundEffects of Obesity and Diet on Mitochondrial Health
Gvozdjáková, A., Muchová, J., Slezák, J., Kura, B., & Singh, R. B. (2024) · Advances in biochemistry in health and disease · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-75741-9_20 · Cited by 1
Kwon, Y. I. C., Zhu, D. T., Lai, A., Park, A. M., Chery, J., & Hashmi, Z. A. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14020562 · Cited by 1
Chang, Q., Ma, H., Zhang, C. M., Li, X., Wu, Y., & Li-na, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2025.1406890 · Cited by 1
“A healthy diet can improve QoL in individuals with cardiovascular diseases (18).”
Obesity pandemic – searching for the most effective treatments
Kołakowska, K. (2024) · Biuletyn Głównej Biblioteki Lekarskiej · doi:10.2478/bgbl-2024-0028 · Cited by 1
Association between sociodemographic variables, healthy habits and stress with diabesity
López‐González, Á. A., Rifá, E. M.-A., Oliveira, H. P., Sánchez, C. M., López, P. J. T., & Ramírez‐Manent, J. I. (2025) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.artere.2025.500754 · Cited by 1
Microbiome and Metabolic Biomarkers in Metabolic Syndrome
Gupta, R., Lekshmi, N., Sikri, K., Bhalla, M., & Vashist, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6246-3_12 · Cited by 1
Doche, É., Leclercq, B., Sulowski, C., Magoncia, E., Tardivel, C., Svilar, L., Sarlon-Bartoli, G., Martin, J., Bartoli, M. A., Rossillon, A., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26147018 · Cited by 1
“…protective effects are thought to result from combined mechanisms, including improvements in lipid metabolism, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions [48,49], enhanced intake of low-glycemic index carbohydrates, increased dietary fiber, and beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota [50].”
Tosefsky, K. N., Wang, Y. N., Lam, J. S. T., Cohen, T. R., & Appel‐Cresswell, S. (2025) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107591 · Cited by 1
“%) and fats (69% – 82%), with a focus on unsaturated fat sources, in keeping with MeDi principles [45].”
Krims-Dāvis, K., Ozola, M., Razzivina, V., Gukalova, B., Konrāde, I., Dambrova, M., & Liepinsh, E. (2025) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.70316 · Cited by 1
“On the other hand, diets containing TMAO-rich fish products [24, 25] are associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases [26].”
Huang, H., He, B., Zhou, G., Cui, Y., & Pu, R. (2025) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-025-05213-1 · Cited by 1
“…(Rhus Coriaria) supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors: evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health concern that is closely linked to morbidities, disabilities, and mortalities worldwide [1, 2].”
Diet After Acute Coronary Artery Syndrome
Katsi, V., Giannoudi, M., Kordalis, V. G., & Tsioufis, K. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18010005 · Cited by 1
“Improves cardiovascular risk factors including cholesterol and lipid profile, blood pressure, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity [10–12].”
Bühler, K., Calleja‐Conde, J., Bressa, C., Gómez‐Gallego, F., Albert, J., Pérez-Wiesner, M., & Moreno, J. A. L. (2026) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2026.103374 · Cited by 1
Huang, H., Yu, C., Sha, P., Chen, L., Wang, R., & Wei, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1665833 · Cited by 2
“Furthermore, the high consumption of fish rich in ω -3 fatty acids, as part of MD, can improve lipid levels, improve insulin resistance, endothelial function, and lower blood pressure, serum creatinine, and inflammatory markers (20, 21).”
Management of metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in patients with MASLD
Danpanichkul, P., Blaney, H. L., Perelli, J., Huerta, P., Idalsoaga, F. J., Arrese, M. A., Arab, J. P., Loomba, R. S., & Díaz, L. A. (2026) · Metabolism and Target Organ Damage · doi:10.20517/mtod.2025.32 · Cited by 1
Nutrition and endometriosis: Evidence, limits and clinical perspectives
Baraut, M.-C. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102954 · Cited by 1
Alissa, E. M., Al-Salmi, M. M., Helmi, S., & Alama, N. (2026) · Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.4103/njcp.njcp_404_25 · Cited by 1
Pescari, D., Mihuta, S., Bena, A., Pui, R., Paul, C., & Stoian, D. L. (2026) · Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare · doi:10.3389/fcdhc.2026.1792614 · Cited by 2
“There are several mechanisms that demonstrate the bene fi cial effects of this dietary pattern: reduction of oxidative stress secondary to the attenuation of chronic low-grade in fl ammation, as well as improvement of endothelial function and prevention of atheromatous plaque formation (82, 83).”
Therapeutic advances in Alzheimer’s disease: Current strategies and future possibilities
Varinthra, P., Ibiayo, A. G., Liu, C., Pakaprot, N., Paromi, I. N., Do, T. T. N., Raza, M., & Liu, I. Y. (2026) · Tzu Chi Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/tcmj.tcmj-d-25-00175 · Cited by 1
“…patterns, particularly whole and minimally processed plant‑based diets, such as the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean–DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets, may help reduce disease risk and support healthy cognitive aging [73,74].”
Zábó, V., Ceglédi, A., Buda, A., Varga, P., Fekete, M., Fazekas‐Pongor, V., Csípő, T., Adonicsné-Püski, K., Giovannetti, G., Loscalzo, Y., et al. (2026) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-026-02339-z · Cited by 1
Gitsi, E., Anastasiou, C. A., Yannakoulia, M., Vlachopoulos, C., Marques-Vidal, P. M., Estruch, R., & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2026) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104854 · Cited by 1
Álvarez-Malé, M. L., Bautista-Castaño, I., & Serra‐Majem, L. (2015) · Obesity Research - Open Journal · doi:10.17140/oroj-2-105 · Cited by 1
Calero, M. J. M., Isorna, M. J. M., Murillo, R. L., Murillo, R. L., Amado, A. L., & Lama, I. V. (2015) · Farmacéuticos Comunitarios · doi:10.5672/fc.2173-9218.(2015/vol7).004.02 · Cited by 1
“), un 10-15% de proteínas y un 20-30% de grasas (evitando las saturadas y el colesterol) contribuyen a optimizar la salud individual (30).”
BackgroundErnährungskonzepte für den alternden Menschen
Kochlik, B., Grune, T., & Weber, D. (2017) · Der Diabetologe · doi:10.1007/s11428-017-0249-z · Cited by 1
DePace, N. L., & Colombo, J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17016-5_6 · Cited by 1
Ooi, S. L., & Pak, S. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108650182.033 · Cited by 1
The role of healthy diet in bronchial asthma
Дадаева, В. А., Ильшатовна, Н. Г., Ивановна, Л. Д., & Drapkina, O. M. (2020) · Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.17116/profmed202023041119 · Cited by 1
Martín‐Conty, J. L., Rodríguez, F. M., Criado‐Álvarez, J. J., Castillo, C. A., Maestre-Miquel, C., Mohedano‐Moriano, A., López, B. P., Durantez‐Fernández, C., Villamor, M. Á. C., & Viñuela, A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176374 · Cited by 1
Dieppe, P. A., Goldingay, S., & Warber, S. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108650182.042 · Cited by 3
Emotional Intelligence and Its Role in Sustaining Fulfillment in Life
Sax, H. C., & Gewertz, B. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108650182.038 · Cited by 1
Family Relations, Friendships, and Love
Alsup, S., Weisbaum, E., Vogel, T., & Siegel, D. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108650182.047 · Cited by 1
Arbel, Y., Fialkoff, C., Kerner, A., & Kerner, M. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.nutos.2021.06.001 · Cited by 1
Stolarczyk, A., Ellison, R. C., Arnett, D. K., & Djoussé, L. (2021) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02640-x · Cited by 1
The Modern Aspects of Nutrition during Chronic Heart Failure
Salikova, S. P., Grinevich, V. B., & Vlasov, A. A. (2022) · Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология · doi:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-196-12-62-73 · Cited by 1
“Другой диетой, эффекты которой наиболее часто оцениваются в исследованиях по превентивным и терапевтическим стратегиям ХСН, является средиземноморская диета, характеризующаяся высоким потреблением овощей, фруктов, орехов, цельного зерна и оливкового масла первого отжима с умеренным потреблением рыбы и иногда вина во в…”
(2020) · Cardiology Open Access · doi:10.33140/coa.05.01.05 · Cited by 1
Diet and inflammation in obesity: Prevention and management
Ottaviano, K. E., & Zaman, J. A. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90960-0.00015-1 · Cited by 2
Impact of Diet Composition on Insulin Resistance
Conde, S. V., & Martins, F. O. (2022) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-0365-5406-8 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Widmer, R. J., Flammer, A. J., Lerman, L. O., & Lerman, A.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lerman, Amir
- Venue
- The American Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 229-238
- ISSN
- 0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4339461
- OpenAlex
- W2066595212
- Cited by
- 963
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 140 · 2022: 109 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 151 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 25
- FWCI
- 5.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (PASMP3_132551)
- National Institutes of Health (92954, 085307)
- Swiss Re Foundation
- Universität Zürich
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- Mediterranean diet, cardiovascular disease prevention, cardioprotection, olive oil, monounsaturated fatty acids, fish consumption, whole grains, Fabaceae, nuts, moderate drinking, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers, cardiovascular mortality, food components
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Metabolism, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Diet, Mediterranean, Observational Studies as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
