Quasi-Experimental Comparison of Coercive Interventions on Client Outcomes in Individuals With Severe and Persistent Mental Illness
Abstract
This study compares outpatient commitment (OPC) and Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) as forms of coercive treatment interventions to evaluate the influence of each individually and in combination on clients' perception of procedural justice and coercion, as well as clinical outcomes that include treatment compliance, quality of life, symptom distress, empowerment, and violence/victimization. Findings support that the perception of procedural justice and coercion are inversely related; persons subject to OPC experience higher levels of perceived coercion, and higher levels of perceived coercion do not influence treatment compliance. ACT alone does not increase the perception of coercion nor is there any interaction effect.
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More recent studies suggest that perceived coercion may be linked to procedural justice.
“Furthermore, more recent studies suggest that perceived coercion may be linked to other factors such as the perception of fairness and justice during treatment, also known as procedural justice [15,16,24,25].”
From Factors Associated with Perceived Coercion in Adults Receiving Psychiatric Care: A Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
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Coercion in Outpatients under Community Treatment Orders: A Matched Comparison Study
Nakhost, A., Sirotich, F., Pridham, K. M. F., Stergiopoulos, V., & Simpson, A. I. F. (2018) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743718766053 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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Pridham, K. F., Nakhost, A., Tugg, L., Etherington, N., Stergiopoulos, V., & Law, S. (2018) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.02.007 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…of procedural justice - that the process of CTO placement has been respectful, just, and fair - and positive relationships with care providers may mitigate or lower feelings of coercion (Galon & Wineman, 2011; McKenna, Simpson, & Coverdale, 2006; Swartz, Wagner, Swanson, Hiday, & Burns, 2002).”
BackgroundFactors Associated with Perceived Coercion in Adults Receiving Psychiatric Care: A Scoping Review
Lessard-Deschênes, C., Pariseau-Legault, P., Billé, V., Sergerie-Richard, S., Hudson, E., Silva, B., Drouin, J.-S., Désilets, M., & Goulet, M.-H. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13151868 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Galon, P. A., Wineman, N. M., & Grande, T. (2012) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2011.07.001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Although proponents do not deny the contribution of the additional services, they counter that absent legal mandate persons with SPMI would be unlikely to participate in any services.”
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Paul, S., Nakhost, A., Stergiopoulos, V., Matheson, F., Simpson, A., & Guimond, T. H. (2020) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2019.101515 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cultural Considerations for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders II: Assessment and Treatment
Paul, N., Maietta, J., & Allen, D. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32229-8_27 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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“Research shows that the more a patient perceives that a treatment decision process to be just, the less perceived coercion there is (Galon & Wineman, 2011; Nakhost et al., 2018; Newton‑Howes & Mullen, 2011).”
- Authors
- Galon, P., & Wineman, N. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Akron (US)
- Corresponding author
- Galon, Patricia
- Wineman, N. Margaret
- Venue
- Archives of Psychiatric Nursing
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 404-418
- ISSN
- 0883-9417 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2019162138
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Psychiatric Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ohio Department of Mental Health
- Ohio Department of Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- outpatient commitment, assertive community treatment, severe and persistent mental illness, perceived procedural justice, perceived coercion, medication adherence, quality of life, symptom distress, empowerment, client outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Chronic Disease, Coercion, Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders, Commitment of Mentally Ill, Community Mental Health Services, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
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