Effortful control and adaptive functioning of homeless children: Variable-focused and person-focused analyses
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Homeless children show significant developmental delays across major domains of adaptation, yet research on protective processes that may contribute to resilient adaptation in this highly disadvantaged group of children is extremely rare. This study examined the role of effortful control for adaption in 58 homeless children, ages 5-6, during their transition to school. Effortful control skills were assessed using children's performance on four standard executive functioning tasks. Adaptive functioning was assessed by teacher report of academic competence, peer competence, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Variable-focused and person-focused results indicate that effortful control may be an important marker of school readiness and resilience. Controlling for child IQ, parenting quality, and socio-demographic risks, effortful control emerged as the most significant predictor of all four salient developmental domains of adaptation as well as of resilient status of homeless children. Implications of these findings are discussed for future research and design of interventions.
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For HHM students, protective factors such as effective parenting, cognitive skills, and good self-regulation operate to protect achievement.
“For HHM students, evidence suggests that protective factors, such as effective parenting, cognitive skills, and good self-regulation, operate to protect achievement (Herbers, et al., 2011; Miliotis, et al., 1999; Obradović, 2010).”
From Academic Achievement Trajectories of Homeless and Highly Mobile Students: Resilience in the Context of Chronic and Acute Risk (2013) · cites this paper as Obradović, 2010
The Results (Variable-Focused Analyses; page not provided) report that effortful control and IQ predicted academic competence in homeless children. The Discussion (page not provided) says parenting quality was related to academic competence, but was not a significant predictor after effortful control was accounted for. The study concerns homeless children transitioning to school, so it does not establish that all three factors independently protect achievement across the broader HHM student population. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAmong homeless children, factors related to resilience include self-regulation, parenting quality, health, and complex interplay among factors.
“Specifically among homeless children, these factors include self-regulation (Buckner, Mezzacappa, & Beardslee, 2003; Obradović, 2010), parenting quality (Miliotis, Sesma, & Masten, 1999), health (Cutuli, Herbers, Rinaldi, Masten, & Oberg, 2010), and complex interplay among factors (Herbers et al., 2011).”
From Academic Achievement Trajectories of Homeless and Highly Mobile Students: Resilience in the Context of Chronic and Acute Risk (2013) · cites this paper as Obradović, 2010
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- Authors
- Obradović, J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Obradović, Jelena
- ORCID
- Obradović, Jelena
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 109-117
- ISSN
- 0193-3973 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2853802
- OpenAlex
- W2076514284
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 12.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- McKnight Foundation
- University of Minnesota
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH015755)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- homeless children, effortful control, executive function, resilience, adaptive behavior, school readiness, transition to school, academic competence, peer competence, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, child development, protective factors
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