Designing of pH-responsive ketorolac tromethamine loaded hydrogels of alginic acid: characterization, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation
Open accessAbstract
pH-responsive hydrogels based on alginic acid grafted with acrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate in the presence of ammonium persulfate were developed for controlled delivery of Ketorolac tromethamine. The alginic acid based hydrogels were prepared by free radical polymerization technique. Increase in gel fraction was observed with the increase in alginic acid, acrylic acid, and ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate content. The dynamic swelling and drug release studies were conducted at two different pH values (pH 1.2 and 7.4). Maximum swelling and drug release were observed at pH 7.4. The characterization of prepared hydrogels was carried out by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, powder x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Similarly, in-vivo study was performed on rabbits and greater plasma drug concentration was achieved by fabricated hydrogels as compared to drug solution and commercial product Keten. Conclusively, the fabricated hydrogels can be considered as a potential candidate for controlled delivery of Ketorolac tromethamine.
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The formation of new peaks, disappearance of earlier peaks, and alteration of some peaks in FTIR spectra authenticate the grafting of acrylic acid on the chains of Prunus armeniaca gum.
“The formation of new peaks, the disappearance of earlier ones and the alteration in some peaks authenticated the grafting of AA on the chains of PAG (Suhail et al., 2022).”
From A novel pH-responsive hydrogel system based on Prunus armeniaca gum and acrylic acid: Preparation and evaluation as a potential candidate for controlled drug delivery. (2023) · cites this paper as Suhail et al., 2022
The FTIR analysis (Section 3.2) says that disappearing, modified, and new peaks indicate acrylic acid grafting. However, it identifies the polymer as alginic acid (Alg), not Prunus armeniaca gum (PAG), so it does not support the claim about PAG chains. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Suhail, M., Liu, J.-Y., Hsieh, W.-C., Lin, Y.-W., Usman Minhas, M., & Wu, P.-C.
- Affiliations
- Kaohsiung Medical University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Pao-Chu
- Venue
- Arabian Journal of Chemistry
- Publisher
- Scientific Scholar
- Published
- 2022-02
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 103590
- ISSN
- 1878-5352 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3214912797
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 1.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Arabian Journal of Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Science Council
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Keywords
- ketorolac tromethamine, pH-responsive hydrogels, alginic acid, acrylic acid grafting, controlled drug delivery, sustained drug release, swelling behavior, gel content, radical polymerization, plasma drug concentration
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