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NAD metabolism: Implications in aging and longevity
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important co-factor involved in numerous physiological processes, including metabolism, post-translational protein modification, and DNA repair. In living organisms, a careful balance between NAD production and degradation serves to regulate NAD levels. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated that NAD levels decrease with age, and the deterioration of NAD metabolism promotes several aging-associated diseases, including metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and various cancers. Conversely, the upregulation of NAD metabolism, including dietary supplementation with NAD precursors, has been shown to prevent the decline of NAD and exhibits beneficial effects against aging and aging-associated diseases. In addition, many studies have demonstrated that genetic and/or nutritional activation of NAD metabolism can extend the lifespan of diverse organisms. Collectively, it is clear that NAD metabolism plays important roles in aging and longevity. In this review, we summarize the basic functions of the enzymes involved in NAD synthesis and degradation, as well as the outcomes of their dysregulation in various aging processes. In addition, a particular focus is given on the role of NAD metabolism in the longevity of various organisms, with a discussion of the remaining obstacles in this research field.
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“Thus, boosting or restoring NAD+ levels exhibits benefits against physiological aging and its associated disorders, including obesity, muscle degeneration, and neurodegeneration (4–8).”
From Nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide facilitate NAD + synthesis via enterohepatic circulation (2025) · cites this paper as [5]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yaku, K., Okabe, K., & Nakagawa, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Toyama (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Nakagawa, Takashi
- Venue
- Ageing Research Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-11
- Volume
- 47
- Pages
- 1-17
- ISSN
- 1568-1637 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2806961305
- Semantic Scholar
- 9741da16cf47c68fa6c583f4b975e562ebd9ef5d
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 246
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 2.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ageing Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- JSPS KAKENHI (2460901, 17K08653, 16K21051)
- Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (24116511)
- Young Scientists from Japan Society of Nutrition and Food Science
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Molecular Research
- Keywords
- NAD+ metabolism, aging, longevity, NAD+ synthesis, NAD+ degradation, NAD+ precursors, NAD+ depletion, age-related diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer, lifespan extension, NAD-dependent enzyme, post-translational protein modification, DNA repair
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Humans, Longevity, NAD, Neoplasms, Neurodegenerative Diseases
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