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Crosstalk between apoptosis.; necrosis and autophagy
Open accessAbstract
Apoptosis and necrosis are the two major modes of cell death, the molecular mechanisms of which have been extensively studied. Although initially thought to constitute mutually exclusive cellular states, recent findings reveal cellular contexts that require a balanced interplay between these two modes of cellular demise. Several death initiator and effector molecules, signaling pathways and subcellular sites have been identified as key mediators in both processes, either by constituting common modules or alternatively by functioning as a switch allowing cells to decide which route to take, depending on the specific situation. Importantly, autophagy, which is a predominantly cytoprotective process, has been linked to both types of cell death, serving either a pro-survival or pro-death function. Here we review the recent literature that highlights the intricate interplay between apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, focusing on the relevance and impact of this crosstalk in normal development and in pathology. This article is part of a Special Section entitled: Cell Death Pathways.
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“While autophagy is implicated in several paradigms of life extension and is generally considered an antiaging mechanism, autophagy is also a well-defined mechanism of cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, ADCD [153,154,155].”
From The mitochondrial permeability transition: Nexus of aging, disease and longevity (2021) · cites this paper as [153]
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Investigation the molecular structure of novel graphene hybrid scaffold in nerve regeneration
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“Taking into account the fact that apoptotic process can be completed within 2 - 3 hours [22], the observation of condensed nuclei and cytoplasm after longer than 24 h exposure and the formation of irregular chromatin clumping could be associated with low ATP levels, switching the cell death pathway from apoptosis to n…”
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“9 Therefore, the dysregulation of autophagy has been conceived as the initiation of multiple disorders, including cardiovascular diseases.”
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“P53 is crucial for cellular survival and is regarded as the protectant of the genome [48].”
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“Necroptosis is a pro-inflammatory cell death process driven by the activation of RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL necroptosis signaling pathway, leading to cell membrane rupture and necroptosis [36].”
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“However, this equilibrium can be disrupted under extreme environmental conditions, especially prolonged starvation leading to severe nutritional deprivation (Nikoletopoulou et al., 2013).”
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“Evidence in literature indicates that mTOR plays a role in the activation of autophagy; by inhibition of mTOR kinase activity RAPA activates the autophagy, which either protects the cells from cell death [42, 43] or induces autophagic cell death (both apoptosis and necrosis) [43].”
BackgroundEffects of recombinant human adenovirus-p53 on the regression of hepatic fibrosis
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“Apoptosis is a physiological regulatory mechanism of the inner environment which is involved in the removal of unnecessary or threatened cells and in controlling the number of cells in tissues and organs together with cell division and proliferation (44).”
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Potential benefits of nutritional supplementation in diabetic sarcopenia
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“The morphological manifestations of necroptosis are cell rounding and swelling, explosive rupture of the cell membrane, cell membrane perforation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Nikoletopoulou et al., 2013).”
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“The intricate interplay between apoptosis and autophagy is well documented (Bincoletto et al. 2013; Nikoletopoulou et al. 2013).”
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“Autophagy serves either a pro-survival or pro-death function and has been reported to closely link to apoptosis.(4,5) Studies have shown that diallyl disulfide-induced apoptosis and autophagy are interrelated and mutually affect, and autophagy exacerbates caspase-dependent cell death and is also able to independently…”
BackgroundSafranal Ameliorates Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury Induced by Testicular Torsion in Rat
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“Bcl-2, the first described member of this family, can increase cell survival and is also involved in inhibition of DNA repair systems by different mechanisms.([15,16]) p53 is another protein with an important role in activation of several factors involved in programed cell death.”
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“Both p53 and GR affect other pathways that regulate cell fate such as autophagy or necroptosis, potentially through the regulation of the autophagy marker BECN1 [16, 17] or the key modulator of necroptosis RIPK1 (receptor interacting serine-threonine kinase 1) respectively [18].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nikoletopoulou, V., Markaki, M., Palikaras, K., & Tavernarakis, N.
- Affiliations
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Tavernarakis, Nektarios
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 1833
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3448-3459
- ISSN
- 0167-4889 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2059738518
- Cited by
- 1,366
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 147 · 2020: 133 · 2019: 146 · 2018: 136 · 2017: 141 · 2016: 122 · 2015: 107 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 8.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Research Council
- Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs
- European Molecular Biology Organization
- Seventh Framework Programme
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Keywords
- apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, cell death crosstalk, cell death pathways, cell fate determination, development (biology), disease pathology
- MeSH terms
- Autophagy, Humans, Models, Biological, Necrosis, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis
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