Cited by 1,366Cell death mechanisms and regulationAutophagy in Disease and TherapyDeath, Funerary Practices, and Mourning

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 150 of the 150 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Crosstalk between apoptosis.; necrosis and autophagy

Open access

Nikoletopoulou, Vassiliki, Markaki, Maria, Palikaras, Konstantinos, Tavernarakis, Nektarios·2013·Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research

DOI 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.001

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Apoptosis and necrosis are the two major modes of cell death, the molecular mechanisms of which have been extensively studied. Although initially thought to constitute mutually exclusive cellular states, recent findings reveal cellular contexts that require a balanced interplay between these two modes of cellular demise. Several death initiator and effector molecules, signaling pathways and subcellular sites have been identified as key mediators in both processes, either by constituting common modules or alternatively by functioning as a switch allowing cells to decide which route to take, depending on the specific situation. Importantly, autophagy, which is a predominantly cytoprotective process, has been linked to both types of cell death, serving either a pro-survival or pro-death function. Here we review the recent literature that highlights the intricate interplay between apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, focusing on the relevance and impact of this crosstalk in normal development and in pathology. This article is part of a Special Section entitled: Cell Death Pathways.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.001

Cites

150 of 150 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

1 retracted

The NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT2 is required for programmed necrosis
Narayan, N., Lee, I. H., Borenstein, R., Sun, J., Wong, R. P., Tong, G., Fergusson, M. M., Liu, J., Rovira, I. I., Cheng, H.-L., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11700 · Cited by 136 · cited 2×
“Recent ﬁ ndings indicate that SIRT2 is also involved in the regulation of necroptosis [130].”
Background
Retracted
Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wideranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics
Kerr, J. F. R., Wyllie, A. H., & Currie, A. R. (1972) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1972.33 · Cited by 15,673
p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division
Levine, A. J. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81871-1 · Cited by 7,693
AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1
Kim, J., Kundu, M., Viollet, B., & Guan, K.-L. (2011) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2152 · Cited by 7,227 · cited 1×
“3; [135,136]), or through activation of theULK1complex[137,138].”
Cell Death: The Significance of Apoptosis
Wyllie, A. H., Kerr, J. F. R., & Currie, A. R. (1980) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62312-8 · Cited by 7,151 · cited 1×
“Mechanistically, necrosis is typically not associated with activation of caspases, and it is thought that it mediates cell demise in response to damage, or in pathology [10,11], but not during normal development.”
Background
Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Disease
Levine, B., & Kroemer, G. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.018 · Cited by 7,069 · cited 1×
“Completion of the autophagosome is followed by fusion with a lysosome to form an autolysosome, where the captured material is degraded by specific acidic hydrolases [12].”
Background
Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion
Mizushima, N., Levine, B., Cuervo, A. M., & Klionsky, D. J. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06639 · Cited by 6,452 · cited 1×
“Although it is primarily considered to have a cytoprotective function, autophagy can also promote cell death during normal development (reviewed in [13]), as well as, in disease (reviewed in [14]).”
Background
TOR signaling in growth and metabolism
Wullschleger, S., Loewith, R., & Hall, M. N. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.01.016 · Cited by 5,787 · cited 1×
“Low insulin – IGF1 signaling, nutrient or energy limitation and stress converge to downregulate the activity of TOR [83].”
Background
Cellular survival: a play in three Akts
Datta, S. R., Brunet, A., & Greenberg, M. E. (1999) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.13.22.2905 · Cited by 4,216 · cited 1×
“AKT ability to prevent apoptosis in some cells is established through phosphorylation and inhibition of pro-apoptotic mediators such as Bad and caspase-9 [44].”
Background
TSC2 Mediates Cellular Energy Response to Control Cell Growth and Survival
Inoki, K., Zhu, T., & Guan, K.-L. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00929-2 · Cited by 3,914 · cited 1×
“3; [135,136]), or through activation of theULK1complex[137,138].”

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 150 references

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 1,001

mTOR signaling as a molecular target for the alleviation of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis
Rapaka, D., Bitra, V. R., Challa, S. R., & Adiukwu, P. C. (2022) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105311 · Cited by 65
TAK1 regulates caspase 8 activation and necroptotic signaling via multiple cell death checkpoints
Guo, X., Yin, H., Chen, Y., Li, L., Li, J., & Liu, Q. (2016) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2016.294 · Cited by 64
Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay parameters in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population: Contribution of age, sex, seasonal variations and lifestyle factors
Gajski, G., Gerić, M., Oreščanin, V., & Garaj‐Vrhovac, V. (2017) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.003 · Cited by 64
“Still, new data suggest that necrosis may also be a well-regulated process activated by rather specific stimuli (Golstein and Kroemer, 2007; Karch and Molkentin, 2015; Nikoletopoulou et al., 2013; Zong and Thompson, 2006).”
Background
The effect of dust storm particles on single human lung cancer cells
Ardon‐Dryer, K., Mock, C. S., Reyes, J. S., & Lahav, G. (2019) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108891 · Cited by 64
Involvement of planned cell death of necroptosis in cancer treatment by nanomaterials: Recent advances and future perspectives
Sharifi, M., Hosseinali, S. H., Saboury, A. A., Szegezdi, É., & Falahati, M. (2019) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.007 · Cited by 62
Ginsenoside Compound K Induces Ros-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagic Inhibition in Human Neuroblastoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Oh, J.-M., Kim, E., & Chun, S. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20174279 · Cited by 63
“Autophagy and apoptosis play an important role in determining cancer cell fate and are essential metabolic pathways for organism homeostasis, organ development, and cancer [8].”
Background
Autophagy in liver diseases
Kouroumalis, E., Voumvouraki, A., Augoustaki, A., & Samonakis, D. N. (2021) · World Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.6 · Cited by 66
Cross talk between autophagy and oncogenic signaling pathways and implications for cancer therapy
Zada, S., Hwang, J. S., Ahmed, M., Lai, T. H., Pham, T. M., Elashkar, O., & Kim, D. R. (2021) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188565 · Cited by 65
Virulence Factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as Modulators of Cell Death Mechanisms
Ramón‐Luing, L. A., Palacios, Y., Ruíz, A., Téllez-Navarrete, N. A., & Chávez‐Galán, L. (2023) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens12060839 · Cited by 71
“The mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is not blocked; additionally, it has been suggested that it may induce necrosis in virulent mycobacteria when the cell death signal is from internally infected macrophages [71].”
Background
The significant role of autophagy in the granular layer in normal skin differentiation and hair growth
Yoshihara, N., Ueno, T., Takagi, A., Trejo, J. A. O., HARUNA, K., Suga, Y., Komatsu, M., Tanaka, K., & Ikeda, S. (2014) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-014-1508-0 · Cited by 62
“Autophagy is involved in programmed cell death [26].”
Background
Benzo[a]pyrene Induces Autophagic and Pyroptotic Death Simultaneously in HL-7702 Human Normal Liver Cells
Yuan, L., Liu, J., Deng, H. X., & Gao, C. (2017) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03248 · Cited by 63
Neurotrophic function of phytochemicals for neuroprotection in aging and neurodegenerative disorders: modulation of intracellular signaling and gene expression
Naoi, M., Inaba-Hasegawa, K., Shamoto‐Nagai, M., & Maruyama, W. (2017) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-017-1797-5 · Cited by 66
“Crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy is induced by the same stimuli, such as metabolic stress, NTF depletion, and limitation of nutrients and energy metabolism, and is often detected in neuronal development, homeostasis, and disease (Nikole- topoulou et al. 2013).”
Background
Blocking Liver Autophagy Accelerates Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Injury in Hepatocytes and Reduces Time to Mortality in a Murine Sepsis Model
Oami, T., Watanabe, E., Hatano, M., Teratake, Y., Fujimura, L., Sakamoto, A., Ito, C., Toshimori, K., Swanson, P. E., & Oda, S. (2017) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000001040 · Cited by 63
“Crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis has been better elucidated in the experimental setting (10, 11, 20).”
Background
Cellular calcium signaling in the aging brain
Remya, C., Kumar, M., Kesavan, L., Jacob, R. S., Gunasekaran, S., Lakshmi, S., Sadasivan, C., & Omkumar, R. V. (2017) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.11.008 · Cited by 65
Graphene oxide sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapeutics by inducing early autophagy events, promoting nuclear trafficking and necrosis
Lin, K.-C., Lin, M., Hsu, M., Yu-Chen, G., Chao, Y., Tuan, H., Chiang, C., & Hu, Y. (2018) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.24173 · Cited by 62
“Such findings appeared contradictory to typical notions, but mounting evidence has demonstrated the correlation between autophagy and necrosis [23], and has shown that CDDP triggers not only apoptosis but also necrosis [24], especially in cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy drugs [25, 26].”
Background
Inhibition of necroptosis attenuates lung injury and improves survival in neonatal sepsis
Bolognese, A. C., Yang, W.-L., Hansen, L. W., Denning, N., Nicastro, J. M., Coppa, G. F., & Wang, P. (2018) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2018.02.017 · Cited by 66
Identifying and Characterizing Stress Pathways of Concern for Consumer Safety in Next-Generation Risk Assessment
Hatherell, S., Baltazar, M. T., Reynolds, J., Carmichael, P. L., Dent, M. P., Li, H., Ryder, S., White, A., Walker, P., & Middleton, A. (2020) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfaa054 · Cited by 65
“Bauch et al. (2015), Nikoletopoulou et al. (2013) Cell health and physiology Nuclear sizeb Nuclear area measured using DNA stain.”
Method
Mitochondrial hyperfusion: a friend or a foe
Das, R., & Chakrabarti, O. (2020) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20190987 · Cited by 63
Selective PARP1 inhibitors, PARP1-based dual-target inhibitors, PROTAC PARP1 degraders, and prodrugs of PARP1 inhibitors for cancer therapy
Peng, X., Pan, W., Jiang, F., Chen, W., Qi, Z., Peng, W., & Chen, J. (2022) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106529 · Cited by 65
Combination simvastatin and metformin induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest and Ripk1- and Ripk3-dependent necrosis in C4-2B osseous metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer cells
Babcook, M. A., Sramkoski, R. M., Fujioka, H., Daneshgari, F., Almasan, A., Shukla, S., Nanavaty, R. R., & Gupta, S. (2014) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.500 · Cited by 60
“Upon the necrosisstimulating trigger, Ripk1 and Ripk3 bind one another, are phosphorylated and activated, form a complex with caspase-8, FADD, and other proteins, called a necrosome, and necrosis is induced.(29,41,42) To confirm SIM+MET induces necrotic cell death in C4-2B cells, we first investigated the effect of SI…”
BackgroundInfluential
Autophagy, Metabolic Disease, and Pathogenesis of Heart Dysfunction
Wang, F., Jia, J., & Rodrigues, B. B. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2017.01.002 · Cited by 62
Molecular interplays in hepatic stellate cells: apoptosis, senescence, and phenotype reversion as cellular connections that modulate liver fibrosis
da Silva, B. D. O., Ramos, L. F., & Moraes, K. C. M. (2017) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1002/cbin.10790 · Cited by 62
“Apoptotic cells display morphological alterations, such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, DNA and membrane fragmentation, which may induce the phagocytosis of the affected cell (Chakraborty et al., 2012; Nikoletopoulou et al., 2013).”
Background
Oxidative stress-dependent contribution of HMGB1 to the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in diabetic rat liver
Petrović, A., Bogojević, D., Korać, A., Golić, I., Stojanov, S. J., Martinović, V., Ivanović‐Matić, S., Stevanović, J., Poznanović, G., & Grigorov, I. (2017) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-017-0574-0 · Cited by 61
“According to several studies, HMGB1 is one of several cellular molecules involved in the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy [19, 25].”
Background
Cordycepin induces apoptotic cell death of human brain cancer through the modulation of autophagy
Chaicharoenaudomrung, N., Jaroonwitchawan, T., & Noisa, P. (2017) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.002 · Cited by 61
“autophagy could also induce the non-apoptotic programmed cell death (Choi, 2012; Nikoletopoulou et al., 2013).”
Background
Glycyrrhizic acid induces human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell death and autophagy via the ROS-mitochondrial pathway
Lin, S., Chu, P., Liao, W., Wu, M., Tsui, K., Lin, L., Huang, C., Chen, L.-L., & Li, C. (2017) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.2017.6123 · Cited by 61
“As already mentioned earlier, PARP1 belongs to a family of nuclear enzymes, modulating DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, chromatin modification and genomic stability through polyADP-ribosylation (36,37).”
Background
Long non-coding RNAs in the failing heart and vasculature
Hermans-Beijnsberger, S., van Bilsen, M., & Schroen, B. L. M. (2018) · Non-coding RNA Research · doi:10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.04.002 · Cited by 63
Permethrin induces histological and cytological changes in the midgut of the predatory bug, Podisus nigrispinus
Martínez, L. C., Plata‐Rueda, A., Neves, G. D. S., Gonçalves, W. G., Zanuncio, J. C., Bozdoğan, H., & Serrão, J. É. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.134 · Cited by 61
TBBPA causes neurotoxic and the apoptotic responses in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons in vitro
Szychowski, K. A., & Wójtowicz, A. K. (2015) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2015.06.005 · Cited by 62
“Caspase-3 activation and apoptotic body formation are the ost well-characterized hallmarks of apoptosis [32,33].”
Background
Alzheimer's disease as an innate autoimmune disease (AD 2 ): A new molecular paradigm
Weaver, D. F. (2022) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12789 · Cited by 68
Association of Cancer Stem Cell Radio-Resistance Under Ultra-High Dose Rate FLASH Irradiation With Lysosome-Mediated Autophagy
Yang, G., Lu, C., Mei, Z., Sun, X., Han, J., Qian, J., Liang, Y., Pan, Z., Kong, D., Xu, S., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.672693 · Cited by 61
MAPK Signaling Pathways in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Yu, B., Zhang, Y., Wang, T., Guo, J., Kong, C., Chen, Z., Ma, X., & Qiu, T. (2023) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s396604 · Cited by 59
“Some studies have revealed expression of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (shmt)2 in a mouse model of IR.”
BackgroundInfluential
Transcriptome analysis of epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells after SVCV infection
Yuan, J., Yang, Y., Nie, H., Li, L., Gu, W.-G., Lin, L., Zou, M., Liu, X., Wang, M., & Gu, Z. (2014) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-935 · Cited by 57
“Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is one of the most common forms of cell death in multicellular organisms and it plays a pivotal role during normal development and in the regulation of various physiological processes [24].”
Background
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates apoptosis and autophagy in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by inhibiting BNIP3
Li, S., Xia, Y., Chen, K., Li, J., Liu, T., Wang, F., Lu, J., Zhou, Y., & Guo, C. (2016) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s99420 · Cited by 59
“Beclin-1 is an essential autophagy gene, which physically interacts with Bcl-2 and forms the Beclin-1/Bcl-2 complex, and is regulated by the BH-3-only proteins.(21,42) Thus, the BH-3-only proteins are involved in the regulation of both apoptosis and autophagy.”
Background
Nuclear Egress of Herpesviruses
Hellberg, T., Paßvogel, L., Schulz, K. S., Klupp, B. G., & Mettenleiter, T. C. (2016) · Advances in virus research · doi:10.1016/bs.aivir.2015.10.002 · Cited by 59
“The essential nuclear transport machinery, including transport receptors (karyopherins), the RanGTPase system as well as the NPCs and the lamina network are altered in apoptosis (Andrade et al., 2010; Hetzer, 2010; Nikoletopoulou et al., 2013).”
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST): Facing cell death between autophagy and apoptosis
Ravegnini, G., Sammarini, G., Nannini, M., Pantaleo, M. A., Biasco, G., Hrelia, P., & Angelini, S. (2017) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2016.1256522 · Cited by 60
Reverse Phase Protein array for the quantification and validation of protein biomarkers of beef qualities: The case of meat color from Charolais breed
Gagaoua, M., Bonnet, M., de Koning, L., & Picard, B. B. (2018) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.06.039 · Cited by 58
DHEA protects mitochondria against dual modes of apoptosis and necroptosis in human granulosa HO23 cells
Tsui, K., Wang, P., Lin, L., & Li, C. (2017) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-17-0016 · Cited by 57
Cellular Stress and General Pathological Processes
Gusev, E. Y., & Zotova, N. V. (2019) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612825666190319114641 · Cited by 64
Calycosin ameliorates atherosclerosis by enhancing autophagy via regulating the interaction between KLF2 and MLKL in apolipoprotein E gene‐deleted mice
Ma, C., Wu, H., Yang, G., Xiang, J., Feng, K., Zhang, J., Hua, Y., Kang, L., Fan, G., & Yang, S. (2021) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.15720 · Cited by 61
“Degradation of lipid by autophagy contributes to the mobilization of cholesterol for cholesterol efflux, thereby inhibiting foam cell formation (Ouimet et al., 2011).”
Background
Roles and Clinical Applications of OPG and TRAIL as Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease
Bernardi, S., Bossi, F., Toffoli, B., & Fabris, B. (2016) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2016/1752854 · Cited by 59
“Recently, it has been shown that TRAIL can also induce necroptosis, which is a regulated and programmed form of necrosis that takes place after TRAIL binding to its specific death receptors and which can be useful to the body when apoptosis has been blocked [51, 52].”
Background
MAOA-a novel decision maker of apoptosis and autophagy in hormone refractory neuroendocrine prostate cancer cells
Lin, Y.-C., Chang, Y.-T., Campbell, M., Lin, T., Pan, C., Lee, H., Shih, J. C., & Chang, P. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep46338 · Cited by 58
Corilagin inhibits breast cancer growth via reactive oxygen species‐dependent apoptosis and autophagy
Tong, Y., Zhang, G., Yang, L., Xu, J., Yuan, J., Zhang, B., Hu, T., & Song, G. (2018) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.13647 · Cited by 58
“In either case, activation of caspase leads to destruction of cell.(28) To investigate whether caspase activation was involved in corilagin-induced cell death, Western blot was performed and as shown in the results, corilagin treatment markedly increased the levels of the cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved PARP, while decr…”
Background
PFKFB3 Inhibition Attenuates Oxaliplatin-Induced Autophagy and Enhances Its Cytotoxicity in Colon Cancer Cells
Yan, S., Zhou, N. Q., Zhang, D., Zhang, K., Zheng, W., Bao, Y., & Yang, W. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20215415 · Cited by 58
“The relationship between autophagy and apoptosis is complex, as autophagy can promote, suppress, or accompany apoptosis [39,40].”
Background
Anticancer Activities of Plant Secondary Metabolites: Rice Callus Suspension Culture as a New Paradigm
Ramakrishna, W., Kumari, A., Rahman, N., & Mandave, P. C. (2020) · Rice Science · doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2020.11.004 · Cited by 57
Doxorubicin downregulates autophagy to promote apoptosis-induced dilated cardiomyopathy via regulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway
Zhang, S., Wei, X., Zhang, H., Wu, Y., Jing, J., Huang, R., Zhou, T., Hu, J., Wu, Y., Li, Y., et al. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114691 · Cited by 60
Ascorbic acid and colon cancer: an oxidative stimulus to cell death depending on cell profile
Pires, A. S., Marques, C. R., Encarnação, J. C., Abrantes, A. M., Mamede, A. C., Laranjo, M., Gonçalves, A. C., Sarmento‐Ribeiro, A. B., & Botelho, M. F. (2016) · European Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.04.001 · Cited by 57
Tri- ortho -cresyl phosphate induces autophagy of rat spermatogonial stem cells
Liu, M.-L., Wang, J., Wei, J., Xu, L., Yu, M., Liu, X., Ruan, W., & Chen, J. (2014) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-14-0446 · Cited by 57
“Generally, autophagy has been considered to be a cytoprotective response during amino acid deprivation or under stressful conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, pathogen infections, and chemotherapy (Shintani & Klionsky 2004, Nikoletopoulou et al. 2013, Sharma et al. 2014).”
Background
The Protective Effect of Aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides Against Status Epilepticus by Inducing Autophagy and Inhibiting Necroptosis
Wang, J., Li, Y., Huang, W., Zeng, X., Li, X., Li, J., Zhou, J., Xiao, J. R., Xiao, B., Ouyang, D., et al. (2017) · The American Journal of Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1142/s0192415x17500331 · Cited by 57
“Under the circumstance of caspase-8 inhibition, receptor interaction protein kinase-1 and -3 (RIP-1 and RIP-3) and MLKL protein (a pseudokinase belonging to the downstream protein of RIPK3) are phosphorylated and eventually the “necrosome” is activated to induce necroptosis (Wu et al., 2012; Nikoletopoulou et al., 201…”
Background
miR-338-3p confers 5-fluorouracil resistance in p53 mutant colon cancer cells by targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin
Han, J., Li, J., Tang, K., Zhang, H., Guo, B., Hou, N., & Huang, C. Y. (2017) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.023 · Cited by 56
Naringenin has a chemoprotective effect in MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells via inhibition of caspase‑3 and ‑9 activities
Wang, R., Wang, J., Dong, T., Shen, J., Gao, X., & Zhou, J. (2018) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2018.9704 · Cited by 57
Retracted
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing interleukin‐10 induces autophagy response and promotes neuroprotection in a rat model of TBI
Maiti, P., Peruzzaro, S., Kolli, N., Andrews, M., Gharaibeh, A., Rossignol, J., & Dunbar, G. L. (2019) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.14396 · Cited by 56
“pathways and helps determine cell death and survival [30-32].”
Background
Gold Nanorods and Nanoprisms Mediate Different Photothermal Cell Death Mechanisms In Vitro and In Vivo
Moros, M., Lewińska, A., Merola, F., Ferraro, P., Wnuk, M., Tino, A., & Tortiglione, C. (2020) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.0c02022 · Cited by 57
Oral genistein-loaded phytosomes with enhanced hepatic uptake, residence and improved therapeutic efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma
Komeil, I. A., El-Refaie, W. M., Gowayed, M. A., El-Ganainy, S. O., Achy, S. E., Huttunen, K. M., & Abdallah, O. Y. (2021) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120564 · Cited by 57
Involvement of TGF-β and Autophagy Pathways in Pathogenesis of Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review on Biological and Pharmacological Insights
Heydarpour, F., Sajadimajd, S., Mirzarazi, E., Haratipour, P., Joshi, T., Farzaei, M. H., Khan, H., & Echeverría, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.498758 · Cited by 57
“Therefore, Beclin-1 could not promote the autophagosome biogenesis through interaction with PI3K, which induces the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II (Gordy and He, 2012; Nikoletopoulou et al., 2013) and consequently hinders the formation of autophagosomes.”
BackgroundInfluential
Regulation of cell survival and death during Flavivirus infections
Roy, S. G. (2014) · World Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.4331/wjbc.v5.i2.93 · Cited by 56
Selective cytotoxicity of vanadium complexes on human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line by inducing necroptosis, apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe process
Kowalski, S., Hać, S., Wyrzykowski, D., Zauszkiewicz–Pawlak, A., & Inkielewicz‐Stępniak, I. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.19454 · Cited by 56
“Moreover, it has been found that Bcl-2, antiapoptotic protein, can suppress not only apoptosis but also necroptosis as well as autophagy [64].”
Background
Gasdermin Family: a Promising Therapeutic Target for Stroke
Chen, S., Mei, S., Luo, Y., Wu, H., Zhang, J., & Zhu, J. (2018) · Translational Stroke Research · doi:10.1007/s12975-018-0666-3 · Cited by 58
Autophagy in exposure to environmental chemicals
Pesonen, M., & Vähäkangas, K. (2019) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.01.007 · Cited by 57
Saikosaponin D efficiently inhibits SVCV infection in vitro and in vivo
Shen, Y.-F., Hu, Y., Zhang, Z., Liu, L., Chen, C., Tu, X., Wang, G., & Zhu, B. (2019) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.02.014 · Cited by 56
Metabolic role of fatty acid binding protein 7 in mediating triple-negative breast cancer cell death via PPAR-α signaling
Kwong, S. C., Jamil, A. H. A., Rhodes, A., Taib, N. A. M., & Chung, I. (2019) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m092379 · Cited by 54
“tribute to the two modes of cell death observed in our model (39).”
Background
Plant protein diet suppressed immune function by inhibiting spiral valve intestinal mucosal barrier integrity, anti-oxidation, apoptosis, autophagy and proliferation responses in amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii)
Wei, H., Chen, P., Liang, X., Yu, H., Wu, X., Han, J., Luo, L., Gu, X., & Xue, M. (2019) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.061 · Cited by 55
Fat Body Development and its Function in Energy Storage and Nutrient Sensing in Drosophila melanogaster
Xi, Y. Z. Y. (2015) · Journal of Tissue Science & Engineering · doi:10.4172/2157-7552.1000141 · Cited by 58
“During the metamorphosis, autophagy and apoptosis are induced by 20E in the fat body and the balancing crosstalk between them is predominantly transduced by E93, a primary-response gene of 20E [39-41].”
Background
Curcumin protects neuronal cells against status-epilepticus-induced hippocampal damage through induction of autophagy and inhibition of necroptosis
Wang, J., Liu, Y., Li, X., Zeng, X., Li, J., Zhou, J., Xiao, B., & Hu, K. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2016-0154 · Cited by 56
FGF2 Attenuates Neural Cell Death via Suppressing Autophagy after Rat Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Tang, C., Shan, Y., Hu, Y., Fang, Z., Tong, Y., Chen, M., Wei, X., Fu, X., & Xu, X. (2017) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2017/2923182 · Cited by 55
Coenzyme Q10 Ameliorates Pancreatic Fibrosis via the ROS-Triggered mTOR Signaling Pathway
Xue, R., Wang, J., Yang, L., Liu, X., Gao, Y., Pang, Y., Wang, Y., & Hao, J. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/8039694 · Cited by 55
The JNK signaling pathway plays a key role in methuosis (non-apoptotic cell death) induced by MOMIPP in glioblastoma
Li, Z., Mbah, N. E., Overmeyer, J. H., Sarver, J. G., George, S., Trabbic, C. J., Erhardt, P., & Maltese, W. A. (2019) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5288-y · Cited by 56
“In addition to the c-Jun transcription factor, other known substrates for JNK include pro-survival members of the Bcl-2 family, which play key roles in protecting cells from apoptosis and necrosis [37, 38] and regulating autophagy.”
Background
Fluoride exposure induces mitochondrial damage and mitophagy via activation of the IL-17A pathway in hepatocytes
Zhao, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, J., Sun, Z., Niu, R., Manthari, R. K., Ommati, M. M., Wang, S., & Wang, J. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150184 · Cited by 54
Ergosterol depletion under bifonazole treatment induces cell membrane damage and triggers a ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in Penicillium expansum
Yang, S., Yan, D., Li, M., Li, D., Zhang, S., Fan, G., Peng, L., & Pan, S. (2021) · Fungal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2021.09.002 · Cited by 57
Caenorhabditis elegansas a model for cancer research
Kyriakakis, E., Markaki, M., & Tavernarakis, N. (2014) · Molecular & Cellular Oncology · doi:10.4161/23723556.2014.975027 · Cited by 56
“Accumulating findings suggest that, although distinct from each other, cell death mechanisms can effectively crosstalk depending on the cellular context and the initiating stimulus.(8) Cell death, which plays pivotal roles in normal development and homeostasis at both the cellular and organismal level, is subjected to…”
Background
Pretreatment with Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus Protected against ConA-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Inhibiting Both Intrinsic and Extrinsic Apoptosis
Li, J., Chen, K., Li, S., Liu, T., Wang, F., Xia, Y., Lu, J., Zhou, Y., & Guo, C. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152570 · Cited by 54
“Permeability of the mitochondria was changed by Bax and tBid to release cytochrome C that could activate caspase 9-induced intrinsic apoptosis [43 – 44].”
The autophagy-related protein LC3 is processed in stallion spermatozoa during short-and long-term storage and the related stressful conditions
Aparicio, I. M., Muñoz, P. M., Salido, G. M., Peña, F. J., & Tapia, J. A. (2016) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731116000240 · Cited by 54
Chemically different non-thermal plasmas target distinct cell death pathways
Lunov, O., Zablotskii, V., Churpita, O., Lunová, M., Jirsa, M., Dejneka, A., & Kubinová, Š. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00689-5 · Cited by 53
Necroptosis: A novel manner of cell death, associated with stroke (Review)
Liu, C., Zhang, K., Shen, H., Yao, X., Sun, Q., & Chen, G. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2017.3279 · Cited by 53
“Meanwhile, apoptosis is regulated cell death, also known as programmed cell death (PCD) (4).”
Influential
Blue light‐emitting diodes induce autophagy in colon cancer cells by Opsin 3
Yoshimoto, T., Morine, Y., Takasu, C., Feng, R., Ikemoto, T., Yoshikawa, K., Iwahashi, S., Saito, Y., Kashihara, H., Akutagawa, M., et al. (2018) · Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery · doi:10.1002/ags3.12055 · Cited by 54
“Significant evidence supports a role for autophagy in sustaining cell survival, but, paradoxically, progressive cellular consumption by unrestrained autophagy results in cell death.(19,20) In cancer cells, F IGURE 3 Blue light-emitting diodes exposure induces autophagy in colon cancer cells lines.”
Background
Role of autophagy in environmental neurotoxicity
Pellacani, C., & Costa, L. G. (2018) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.102 · Cited by 53
Autophagy, apoptosis, vitamin D, and vitamin D receptor in hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C virus
Abdel-Mohsen, M. A., El-Braky, A. A.-A., Ghazal, A. A. E. R., & Shamseya, M. M. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000010172 · Cited by 54
“It has delineated several pathways that mediate the complex interplay between autophagy and apoptosis providing mechanistic insight into the network that regulates both processes.([7]) On the contrary, it has been reported that autophagy can be regulated by vitamin D3 signaling at different levels, including induction…”
Background
The role of cathepsin B in autophagy during obesity: A systematic review
Araujo, T. F., Cordeiro, A. V., de Vasconcelos, D. A. A., Vitzel, K. F., & Silva, V. R. R. (2018) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.024 · Cited by 56
Chronic tribasic copper chloride exposure induces rat liver damage by disrupting the mitophagy and apoptosis pathways
Yu, W., Liao, J., Yang, F., Zhang, H., Chang, X., Yang, Y., Bilal, R. M., Wei, G., Liang, W., Guo, J., et al. (2021) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111968 · Cited by 54
Regulation of Ferroptosis Pathway by Ubiquitination
Wang, X., Wang, Y., Li, Z., Qin, J., & Wang, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.699304 · Cited by 54
Involvement of oxidative stress in tri-ortho–cresyl phosphate-induced autophagy of mouse Leydig TM3 cells in vitro
Liu, X., Xu, L., Shen, J., Wang, J., Ruan, W., Yu, M. Y., & Chen, J. (2016) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s12958-016-0165-x · Cited by 53
Expression patterns of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) family members in lymphoid neoplasms
Papoudou‐Bai, A., Hatzimichael, E. C., Barbouti, A., & Kanavaros, P. (2016) · Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10238-016-0436-z · Cited by 53
Caspase-8 Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Necroptosis Independent of the Apoptosis Pathway in Auditory Cells
Kishino, A., Hayashi, K., Maeda, M., Jike, T., Hidai, C., Nomura, Y., & Oshima, T. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20235896 · Cited by 53
“Effector caspase-3, in turn, cleave other protein substrates in the cell, resulting in the apoptotic process [14,36].”
Background
Autophagy Takes Center Stage as a Possible Cancer Hallmark
Alvarez-Meythaler, J. G., Garcia‐Mayea, Y., Mir, C., Kondoh, H., & LLeonart, M. E. (2020) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.586069 · Cited by 59
“Phosphorylation of VSP34 and Beclin-1 by protein kinase D1 (PKD) and deathassociated protein kinase (DAPK), respectively, to stimulate autophagosomal formation are two examples of autophagy activation mechanisms against oxidative stress, with subsequent necroptosis suppression (77).”
BackgroundInfluential
Regulation of Cell Death by Mitochondrial Transport Systems of Calcium and Bcl-2 Proteins
Naumova, N., & Šachl, R. (2020) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes10100299 · Cited by 53
Oncolytic Reovirus (pelareorep) Induces Autophagy in KRAS-mutated Colorectal Cancer
Jiffry, J., Thavornwatanayong, T., Rao, D., Fogel, E. J., Saytoo, D., Nahata, R., Guzik, H. M., Chaudhary, I., Augustine, T. A., Goel, S., et al. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2385 · Cited by 55
Quercetin and Luteolin Improve the Anticancer Effects of 5-Fluorouracil in Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma In Vitro Model: A Mechanistic Insight
Erdoğan, M. K., Ağca, C. A., & Aşkın, H. (2021) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2021.1900301 · Cited by 55
“lator in cancer formation, was determined by the human VEGF ELISA method (61).”
BackgroundMethod
Increased Autophagy-Related 5 Gene Expression Is Associated with Collagen Expression in the Airways of Refractory Asthmatics
Poon, A. H., Choy, D. F., Chouiali, F., Ramakrishnan, R. K., Mahboub, B. H., Audusseau, S., Mogas, A. K., Harris, J. M., Arron, J. R., Laprise, C., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00355 · Cited by 52
“It has been postulated that autophagy serves as a cell survival mechanism to remove triggers that are threatening cell survival, yet when such threats become overwhelming, cell death processes such as apoptosis and necrosis take over (18, 19).”
Background
Targeting surface nucleolin induces autophagy-dependent cell death in pancreatic cancer via AMPK activation
Xu, C., Wang, Y., Tu, Q., Zhang, Z., Chen, M., Mwangi, J., Li, Y., Jin, Y., Zhao, X., & Lai, R. (2018) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/s41388-018-0556-x · Cited by 53
An interplay of structure and intrinsic disorder in the functionality of peptidylarginine deiminases, a family of key autoimmunity-related enzymes
Alghamdi, M., Ghamdi, K. A. A., Khan, R. H., Uversky, V. N., & Redwan, E. M. M. M. (2019) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-019-03237-8 · Cited by 52
“Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death, which represents a highly regulated process mediated by a well-controlled intracellular program [48, 49].”
Background
Role of the mitochondrial stress response in human cancer progression
Wang, S., Chen, S., Tseng, L., & Lee, H. (2020) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370220920558 · Cited by 51
Suppression of Cisplatin-Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats Through Alarmin High-Mobility Group Box-1 Pathway by Ganoderma lucidum: Theoretical and Experimental Study
Hassan, H. M., Al-Wahaibi, L. H., Elmorsy, M. A., & Mahran, Y. F. (2020) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s249093 · Cited by 52
Altitude-related changes in the phytochemical profile of essential oils extracted from Artemisia nilagirica and their nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita
Kalaiselvi, D., Mohankumar, A., Shanmugam, G., Thiruppathi, G., Nivitha, S., & Sundararaj, P. (2019) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111472 · Cited by 51
Cardioprotective effect of MLN4924 on ameliorating autophagic flux impairment in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by Sirt1
Zhang, J., Cui, J. R., Zhao, F., Yang, L., Xu, X., Shi, Y., & Wei, B. (2021) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2021.102114 · Cited by 51
Modulation of apoptosis sensitivity through the interplay with autophagic and proteasomal degradation pathways
Delgado, M. E., Dyck, L., Laussmann, M. A., & Rehm, M. (2014) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.520 · Cited by 52
“long-lived proteins, namely the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) as well as macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy).(3,4) Besides the modulation of apoptosis by the UPS and by autophagic signalling, also direct inter-dependencies and co-regulations exist between these two degradation pathways.”
Background
Connexins: substrates and regulators of autophagy
Iyyathurai, J., Decuypere, J.-P., Leybaert, L., D’hondt, C., & Bultynck, G. (2016) · BMC Cell Biology · doi:10.1186/s12860-016-0093-9 · Cited by 52
“Furthermore, there are several mechanistic links between autophagy and several cell death processes [85, 97].”
Background
Coenzyme Q10 Inhibits the Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells through PI3K/AKT/MTOR Signaling Pathway
Xue, R., Yang, J., Wu, J., Meng, Q., & Hao, J. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.21247 · Cited by 51
The role of autophagy in controlling SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: An overview on virophagy‐mediated molecular drug targets
Sargazi, S., Sheervalilou, R., Rokni, M., Shirvaliloo, M., Shahraki, O., & Rezaei, N. (2021) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1002/cbin.11609 · Cited by 51
“commended that apoptosis and necrosis are often modulated by common pathways, occurring in similar subcellular organelles and compartments (Nikoletopoulou et al., 2013).”
Background
A RIPK3-independent role of MLKL in suppressing parthanatos promotes immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma
Jiang, X., Deng, W.-Z., Tao, S., Tang, Z., Chen, Y.-H., Tian, M.-X., Wang, T., Tao, C., Li, Y.-Z., Fang, Y., et al. (2023) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-022-00504-0 · Cited by 50
Multifaceted functions of Drp1 in hypoxia/ischemia-induced mitochondrial quality imbalance: from regulatory mechanism to targeted therapeutic strategy
Hao, S., Huang, H., Ma, R., Zeng, X., & Duan, C. (2023) · Military Medical Research · doi:10.1186/s40779-023-00482-8 · Cited by 59
“This forms a positive feedback loop of the mitochondrial fission-apoptosis mechanism [158] (Fig.”
Background
Autophagy Promotes Microglia Activation Through Beclin-1-Atg5 Pathway in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Yuan, B., Shen, H., Lin, L., Su, T., Zhong, L., & Yang, Z. (2016) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-015-9642-z · Cited by 51
“Autophagy is a cellular degradation process in which cellular proteins and organelles are sequestered in double membrane vesicles known as autophagosomes, delivered to lysosomes, and digested by lysosomal hydrolases [30–32].”
Background

Authors: Nikoletopoulou, V., Markaki, M., Palikaras, K., & Tavernarakis, N.
Affiliations: Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (GR)
Corresponding author: Tavernarakis, Nektarios
ORCID: Nikoletopoulou, Vassiliki
Markaki, Maria
Palikaras, Konstantinos
Tavernarakis, Nektarios
Venue: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-12
Volume: 1833
Issue: 12
Pages: 3448-3459
ISSN: 0167-4889 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.001
OpenAlex: W2059738518
Cited by: 1,366
References: 150
Citations by year: 2026: 43 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 147 · 2020: 133 · 2019: 146 · 2018: 136 · 2017: 141 · 2016: 122 · 2015: 107 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 5
FWCI: 8.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 365 d)
Locations: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
IRIS (submittedVersion)
SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
Funders: European Research Council
Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs
European Molecular Biology Organization
Seventh Framework Programme
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
Keywords: apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, cell death crosstalk, cell death pathways, cell fate determination, development (biology), disease pathology
MeSH terms: Autophagy, Humans, Models, Biological, Necrosis, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Crosstalk between apoptosis.; necrosis and autophagy

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks