The DOI matches its Crossref record; 87 of the 87 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The function of sterols in membranes
Demel, R. A., & De Kruyff, B. (1976) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0304-4157(76)90008-3 · Cited by 1,341
Imokawa, G., Abe, A., Jin, K., Higaki, Y., Kawashima, M., & Hidano, A. (1991) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470233 · Cited by 1,041
Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of the Skin
Shelley, W. B. (1992) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03490040129042 · Cited by 785
Structural and Lipid Biochemical Correlates of the Epidermal Permeability Barrier
ELIAS, P. M., & MENON, G. K. (1991) · Advances in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-024924-4.50005-5 · Cited by 678
Structural Investigations of Human Stratum Corneum by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering
Bouwstra, J. A., Gooris, G. S., van der Spek, J. A., & Bras, W. (1991) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12492217 · Cited by 567
Self-citationCeramide and cholesterol composition of the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis
Di Nardo, P. W. (1998) · Acta Dermato-Venereologica · doi:10.1080/00015559850135788 · Cited by 483
Mutations of Keratinocyte Transglutaminase in Lamellar Ichthyosis
Huber, M., Rettler, I., Bernasconi, K., Frenk, E., Lavrijsen, S. P. M., Ponec, M., Bon, A., Lautenschlager, S., Schorderet, D. F., & Hohl, D. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7824952 · Cited by 481
Self-citationCeramide composition of the psoriatic scale
Motta, S., Monti, M., Sesana, S., Caputo, R., Carelli, S., & Ghidoni, R. (1993) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/0925-4439(93)90135-n · Cited by 435
Presence of Intact Intercellular Lipid Lamellae in the Upper Layers of the Stratum Corneum
Madison, K. C., Swartzendruber, D. C., Wertz, P. W., & Downing, D. T. (1987) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470386 · Cited by 368
White, S. H., Mirejovsky, D., & King, G. I. (1988) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00410a031 · Cited by 355
Evidence That the Corneocyte Has a Chemically Bound Lipid Envelope
Swartzendruber, D. C., Wertz, P. W., Madison, K. C., & Downing, D. T. (1987) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470383 · Cited by 349
Molecular models of the Intercellular Lipid Lamellae in Mammalian Stratum Corneum
Swartzendruber, D. C., Wertz, P. W., Kitko, D. J., Madison, K. C., & Downing, D. T. (1989) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12276794 · Cited by 336
Role of Stratum Corneum Lipid Fluidity in Transdermal Drug Flux
Golden, G. M., McKie, J. E., & Potts, R. O. (1987) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600760108 · Cited by 323
Lipid and protein structures in the permeability barrier of mammalian epidermis.
Downing, D. (1992) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41520-2 · Cited by 315
Impaired sphingomyelinase activity and epidermal differentiation in atopic dermatitis
Jensen, J.-M., Fölster-Holst, R., Baranowsky, A., Schunck, M., Winoto-Morbach, S., Neumann, C., Schütze, S., & Proksch, E. (2004) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.22621.x · Cited by 309
Hou, S. Y. E., Mitra, A. K., White, S. H., Menon, G. K., Ghadially, R., & Elias, P. M. (1991) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12461361 · Cited by 290
Role of ceramide 1 in the molecular organization of the stratum corneum lipids
Bouwstra, J. A., Gooris, G. S., Dubbelaar, F. E. R., Weerheim, A. M., IJzerman, A. P., & Ponec, M. (1998) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)34214-0 · Cited by 289
Self-citationHolleran, W. M., Ginns, E. I., Menon, G. K., Grundmann, J. U., Fartasch, M., McKinney, C. E., Elias, P. M., & Sidransky, E. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117160 · Cited by 285
The Biochemistry and Function of Stratum Corneum Lipids
SCHURER, N. Y., & ELIAS, P. M. (1991) · Advances in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-024924-4.50006-7 · Cited by 272
Bouwstra, J. A., Gooris, G. S., Vries, M. A. S.-D., van der Spek, J. A., & Bras, W. (1992) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/0378-5173(92)90158-x · Cited by 271
Self-citationEvaluation of barrier creams: an in vitro technique on human skin.
Treffel, P., Gabard, B., & Juch, R. (1994) · Acta Dermato-Venereologica · doi:10.2340/000155557416 · Cited by 268
6-Hydroxy-4-sphingenine in human epidermal ceramides.
Robson, K. J., Stewart, M. E., Michelsen, S., Lazo, N. D., & Downing, D. T. (1994) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39952-1 · Cited by 263
Lipid composition of cultured human keratinocytes in relation to their differentiation
Ponec, M., Weerheim, A., Kempenaar, J., Mommaas, A. M., & Nugteren, D. H. (1988) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38476-5 · Cited by 255
Self-citationExamination of Stratum Corneum Barrier Function In Vivo by Infrared Spectroscopy
Bommannan, D., Potts, R. O., & Guy, R. H. (1990) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12555503 · Cited by 237
A domain mosaic model of the skin barrier.
Forslind, B. (1994) · Acta Dermato-Venereologica · doi:10.2340/00015555741214 · Cited by 236
Deficiency of Epidermal Protein-Bound ω-Hydroxyceramides in Atopic Dermatitis
Macheleidt, O., Sandhoff, K., & Kaiser, H. W. (2002) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01833.x · Cited by 232
Hara, J., Higuchi, K., Okamoto, R., Kawashima, M., & Imokawa, G. (2000) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00072.x · Cited by 229
Lateral packing of hydrocarbon chains
Abrahamsson, S., Dahlen, B., Löfgren, H., & Pascher, I. (1978) · Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and other Lipids · doi:10.1016/0079-6832(78)90039-3 · Cited by 228
Pilgram, G. S. K., Vissers, D. C. J., van der Meulen, H., Koerten, H. K., Pavel, S., Lavrijsen, S. P. M., & Bouwstra, J. A. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01455.x · Cited by 225
Self-citationCeramides Are Bound to Structural Proteins of the Human Foreskin Epidermal Cornified Cell Envelope
Marekov, L. N., & Steinert, P. M. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.28.17763 · Cited by 217
Phase behavior of isolated skin lipids
Bouwstra, J. A., Gooris, G. S., Cheng, K., Weerheim, A., Bras, W., & Ponec, M. (1996) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)42010-3 · Cited by 216
Self-citationNew Acylceramide in Native and Reconstructed Epidermis
Ponec, M., Weerheim, A., Lankhorst, P., & Wertz, P. (2003) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12103.x · Cited by 212
Self-citationMurata, Y., Ogata, J., Higaki, Y., Kawashima, M., Yada, Y., Higuchi, K., Tsuchiya, T., Kawaminami, S., & Imokawa, G. (1996) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12348937 · Cited by 211
Role of Ceramides in Barrier Function of Healthy and Diseased Skin
Choi, M. J., & Maibach, H. I. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.2165/00128071-200506040-00002 · Cited by 210
Lipid organization in pig stratum corneum.
Bouwstra, J. A., Gooris, G. S., Bras, W., & Downing, D. T. (1995) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40054-9 · Cited by 208
Self-citationSkin Barrier Structure and Function: The Single Gel Phase Model
Norlén, L. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2001.1 · Cited by 206
Covalently Bound Lipids of Human Stratum Corneum
Wertz, P. W., Madison, K. C., & Downing, D. T. (1989) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep13071317 · Cited by 205
Elias, P. M., Williams, M. L., Maloney, M. E., Bonifas, J. A., Brown, B. E., Grayson, S., & Epstein, E. H. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111552 · Cited by 195
The Lipid Organisation in the Skin Barrier
A. Bouwstra, F. E. R. D. (2000) · Acta Dermato-Venereologica · doi:10.1080/000155500750042826 · Cited by 191
Molecular arrangements of sphingolipids. The monolayer behaviour of ceramides
Löfgren, H., & Pascher, I. (1977) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/0009-3084(77)90068-8 · Cited by 171
Bouwstra, J. A., Gooris, G. S., Dubbelaar, F. E. R., & Ponec, M. (2002) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01706.x · Cited by 165
Self-citationPilgram, G. S. K., Marjolein Engelsma-van Pelt, A., Koerten, H. K., & Bouwstra, J. A. (1999) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00706.x · Cited by 165
Self-citationGlucosylceramides of pig epidermis: structure determination.
Wertz, P. W., & Downing, D. T. (1983) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37896-2 · Cited by 164
Freeze-fracture replication of cells of stratum corneum of human epidermis.
Breathnach, A. S., Goodman, T., Stolinski, C., & Gross, M. (1973) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 163
Bouwstra, J. A., Gooris, G. S., Dubbelaar, F. E. R., & Ponec, M. (2001) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)31502-9 · Cited by 158
Self-citationLavrijsen, A. P. M., Bouwstra, J. A., Gooris, G. S., Weerheim, A. M., Boddé, H. E., & Ponec, M. (1995) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12323752 · Cited by 151
Self-citationOriented Structure in Human Stratum Corneum Revealed by X-Ray Diffraction
Garson, J. C., Doucet, J., Lévêque, J., & Tsoucaris, G. (1991) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12514716 · Cited by 149
New Aspects of the Skin Barrier Organization
Bouwstra, J. A., Pilgram, G. S. K., Gooris, G. S., Koerten, H. K., & Ponec, M. (2001) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000056391 · Cited by 148
Self-citationSkin lipids and epidermal differentiation in atopic dermatitis
Proksch, E., Jensen, J., & Elias, P. M. (2003) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0738-081x(02)00370-x · Cited by 148
Acylglucosylceramides of pig epidermis: structure determination
Wertz, P. W., & Downing, D. T. (1983) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37949-9 · Cited by 142
Schreiner, V., Pfeiffer, S., Lanzendörfer, G., Wenck, H., Diembeck, W., Gooris, G. S., Proksch, E., & Bouwstra, J. A. (2000) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00941.x · Cited by 141
Self-citationXiang, T., & Anderson, B. D. (1997) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(97)78661-2 · Cited by 140
X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Isolated Skin Lipids: Reconstitution of Intercellular Lipid Domains
McIntosh, T. J., Stewart, M. E., & Downing, D. T. (1996) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi952762q · Cited by 139
Cathepsin D is involved in the regulation of transglutaminase 1 and epidermal differentiation
Egberts, F., Heinrich, M., Jensen, J., Winoto‐Morbach, S., Pfeiffer, S., Wickel, M., Schunck, M., Steude, J., Säftig, P., Proksch, E., et al. (2004) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.01075 · Cited by 130
Menon, G. K., Ghadially, R., Williams, M. L. K., et al. (1992) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00675.x · Cited by 128
de Jager, M., Groenink, W., Guivernau, R. B. I., Andersson, E., Angelova, N., Ponec, M., & Bouwstra, J. A. (2006) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-006-9909-1 · Cited by 122
Self-citationDisturbed extruding mechanism of lamellar bodies in dry non-eczematous skin of atopics
FARTASCH, M., Bassukas, I. D., & Diepgen, T. L. (1992) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00118.x · Cited by 117
Simonetti, O., Kempenaar, J., Ponec, M., Hoogstraate, J. A., Bialik, W., Schrijvers, A. H. G. J., & Bodd�, H. E. (1995) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/bf00373430 · Cited by 113
Self-citationThe role of ceramide composition in the lipid organisation of the skin barrier
Bouwstra, J. A., Dubbelaar, F. E. R., Gooris, G. S., et al. (1999) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00057-7 · Cited by 112
Self-citationMcIntosh, T. J. (2003) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74597-4 · Cited by 112
A new 6-hydroxy-4-sphingenine-containing ceramide in human skin
Stewart, M. E., & Downing, D. T. (1999) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)33385-x · Cited by 112
de Jager, M. W., Gooris, G. S., Ponec, M., & Bouwstra, J. A. (2005) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m500221-jlr200 · Cited by 110
Self-citationCholesterol Sulfate Inhibits Proteases that are Involved in Desquamation of Stratum Corneum
Sato, J., Denda, M., Nakanishi, J., Nomura, J., & Koyama, J. (1998) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00244.x · Cited by 109
pH, Cholesterol Sulfate, and Fatty Acids Affect the Stratum Corneum Lipid Organization
Bouwstra, J. A., Gooris, G. S., Dubbelaar, F. E. R., Ponec, M., & Weerheim, A. M. (1998) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · doi:10.1038/jidsymp.1998.17 · Cited by 109
Self-citationPhase behavior of stratum corneum lipids in mixed Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers
ten Grotenhuis, E., DEMEL, R. A., Ponec, M., Boer, R., van Miltenburg, J. C., & Bouwstra, J. A. (1996) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(96)79341-4 · Cited by 106
Self-citationEpidermal barrier in disorders of the skin
Fartasch, M. (1997) · Microscopy Research and Technique · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19970815)38:4<361::aid-jemt4>3.0.co;2-m · Cited by 102
Paige, D. G., Fisher, N. M., & Harper, J. I. (1994) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08452.x · Cited by 97
Epidermal Abnormalities May Distinguish Type 2 from Type 1 and Type 3 of Gaucher Disease
Sidransky, E., Fartasch, M., Lee, R. E., Metlay, L. A., Abella, S., Zimran, A., Gao, W., Elias, P. M., Ginns, E. I., & Holleran, W. M. (1996) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-199601000-00020 · Cited by 95
Doering, T., Proia, R. L., & Sandhoff, K. (1999) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00274-4 · Cited by 91
Dahlén, B., & Pascher, I. (1979) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/0009-3084(79)90082-3 · Cited by 87
Langner, M., & Hui, S. W. (1993) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/0009-3084(93)90078-h · Cited by 86
Aspects Of Epidermal Ultrastructure
Breathnach, A. S. (1975) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12598018 · Cited by 85
Membrane Structural Abnormalities in the Stratum Corneum of the Autosomal Recessive Ichthyoses
Ghadially, R., Williams, M. L. K., Hou, S. Y. E., & Elias, P. M. (1992) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12614489 · Cited by 79
Melton, J. L., Wertz, P. W., Swartzendruber, D. C., & Downing, D. T. (1987) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0005-2760(87)90018-x · Cited by 77
CONTI, A., Rogers, J. S., Verdejo, P., Harding, C. R., & Rawlings, A. V. (1996) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1996.tb00131.x · Cited by 77
Existence of a lipid gradient in the upper stratum corneum and its possible biological significance
Bonté, F., Saunois, A., Pinguet, P., & Meybeck, A. (1997) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s004030050158 · Cited by 77
Analysis of the Cornified Cell Envelope in Lamellar Ichthyosis
Hohl, D. (1993) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.1993.01680260088013 · Cited by 71
Lazo, N. D., MEINE, J. G., & Downing, D. T. (1995) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12318985 · Cited by 69
Madison, K. C., Swartzendruber, D. C., Wertz, P. W., & Downing, D. T. (1988) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12462065 · Cited by 68
Sphingosylphosphorylcholine is upregulated in the stratum corneum of patients with atopic dermatitis
Okamoto, R., Arikawa, J., Ishibashi, M., Kawashima, M., Takagi, Y., & Imokawa, G. (2003) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m200225-jlr200 · Cited by 67
X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Stratum Corneum Membrane Couplets
Elias, P. M., Bonar, L. C., Grayson, S., et al. (1983) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12534362 · Cited by 60
Liu, F., Sugár, I. P., & Chong, P. L. (1997) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(97)78868-4 · Cited by 60
Ishibashi, M., Arikawa, J., Okamoto, R., et al. (2003) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1097/01.lab.0000059931.66821.92 · Cited by 49
Kuijk-Meuwissen, M. E. M. J. V., Janssen, J., Cullander, C., Junginger, H. E., & Bouwstra, J. A. (1998) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1011999509448 · Cited by 39
Self-citationStudies of epidermal lipids using electron microscopy.
Swartzendruber, D. C. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 35
Novel Mutations of the Transglutaminase 1 Gene in Lamellar Ichthyosis
Yang, J.-M., Ahn, K.-S., Cho, M.-O., Yoneda, K., Lee, C., Lee, J., Lee, E. S., Candi, E., Melino, G., Ahvazi, B., et al. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01429.x · Cited by 29
Lipid Organization of the Skin Barrier
Bouwstra, J. A. (2009) · Basic and clinical dermatology · doi:10.3109/9781420070958.002 · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Cited by
Liposomes and skin: From drug delivery to model membranes
El Maghraby, G. M., Barry, B. W., & Williams, A. C. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2008.05.002 · Cited by 623
Eckhart, L., Lippens, S., Tschachler, E., & Declercq, W. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.010 · Cited by 515
Janssens, M., van Smeden, J., Gooris, G. S., Bras, W., Portale, G., Caspers, P. J., Vreeken, R. J., Hankemeier, T., Kezic, S., Wolterbeek, R., et al. (2012) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.p030338 · Cited by 488
Self-citationPermeation enhancers in transdermal drug delivery: benefits and limitations
Kováčik, A., Kopečná, M., & Vávrová, K. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2020.1713087 · Cited by 369
Jain, S., Patel, N., Shah, M. K., Khatri, P., & Vora, N. (2017) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2016.10.001 · Cited by 283
Metadata
- Authors
- Bouwstra, J. A., & Ponec, M.
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 1758
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2080-2095
- ISSN
- 0005-2736 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2141749825
- Cited by
- 666
- References
- 87
- FWCI
- 11.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.