Cited by 343Fatty Acid Research and HealthTryptophan and brain disordersNutritional Studies and Diet

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Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation and anxiety in medical students: A randomized controlled trial

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Kiecolt-Glaser, Janice K., Belury, Martha A., Andridge, Rebecca, Malarkey, William B., Glaser, Ronald·2011·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.229PMC PMC3191260

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Abstract

Observational studies have linked lower omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and higher omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs with inflammation and depression, but randomized controlled trial (RCT) data have been mixed. To determine whether n-3 decreases proinflammatory cytokine production and depressive and anxiety symptoms in healthy young adults, this parallel group, placebo-controlled, double-blind 12-week RCT compared n-3 supplementation with placebo. The participants, 68 medical students, provided serial blood samples during lower-stress periods as well as on days before an exam. The students received either n-3 (2.5 g/d, 2085 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 348 mg docosahexanoic acid) or placebo capsules that mirrored the proportions of fatty acids in the typical American diet. Compared to controls, those students who received n-3 showed a 14% decrease in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated interleukin 6 (IL-6) production and a 20% reduction in anxiety symptoms, without significant change in depressive symptoms. Individuals differ in absorption and metabolism of n-3 PUFA supplements, as well as in adherence; accordingly, planned secondary analyses that used the plasma n-6:n-3 ratio in place of treatment group showed that decreasing n-6:n-3 ratios led to lower anxiety and reductions in stimulated IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production, as well as marginal differences in serum TNF-α. These data suggest that n-3 supplementation can reduce inflammation and anxiety even among healthy young adults. The reduction in anxiety symptoms associated with n-3 supplementation provides the first evidence that n-3 may have potential anxiolytic benefits for individuals without an anxiety disorder diagnosis. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00519779.

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Authors: Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Belury, M. A., Andridge, R., Malarkey, W. B., & Glaser, R.
Affiliations: The Ohio State University (US)
ORCID: Belury, Martha A.
Andridge, Rebecca
Malarkey, William B.
Venue: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-11
Volume: 25
Issue: 8
Pages: 1725-1734
ISSN: 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.229
PMC: PMC3191260
OpenAlex: W2140758044
Cited by: 340
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 17.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Ohio State University
National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000090)
National Cancer Institute (CA16058, P30CA016058)
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025755)
NIH Clinical Center
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R21AT003912, AT003912)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: omega-3 fatty acids, n-6/n-3 ratio, inflammation, anxiety, depression, medical students, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, interleukin-6, TNF-α, lipopolysaccharide stimulation, exam stress, young adults
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Anxiety, Depression, Diet, Double-Blind Method, Fatty Acids, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Neutrophils, Patient Compliance, Stress, Psychological, Health Behavior, Exercise, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Cytokines, Sample Size, Dietary Supplements, Young Adult

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Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation and anxiety in medical students: A randomized controlled trial

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