Linking disease symptoms and subtypes with personalized systems-based phenotypes: a proof of concept study
Open accessAbstract
A dynamic systems model was used to generate parameters describing a phenotype of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) behavior in a sample of 36 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and/or fibromyalgia (FM) and 36 case-matched healthy controls. Altered neuroendocrine function, particularly in relation to somatic symptoms and poor sleep quality, may contribute to the pathophysiology of these disorders. Blood plasma was assayed for cortisol and ACTH every 10 min for 24h. The dynamic model was specified with an ordinary differential equation using three parameters: (1) ACTH-adrenal signaling, (2) inhibitory feedback, and (3) non-ACTH influences. The model was "personalized" by estimating an individualized set of parameters from each participant's data. Day and nighttime parameters were assessed separately. Two nocturnal parameters (ACTH-adrenal signaling and inhibitory feedback) significantly differentiated the two patient subgroups ("fatigue-predominant" patients with CFS only versus "pain-predominant" patients with FM and comorbid chronic fatigue) from controls (all p's<.05), whereas daytime parameters and diurnal/nocturnal slopes did not. The same nocturnal parameters were significantly associated with somatic symptoms among patients (p's<.05). There was a significantly different pattern of association between nocturnal non-ACTH influences and sleep quality among patients versus controls (p<.05). Although speculative, the finding that patient somatic symptoms decreased when more cortisol was produced per unit ACTH, is consistent with cortisol's anti-inflammatory and sleep-modulatory effects. Patients' HPA systems may compensate by promoting more rapid or sustained cortisol production. Mapping "behavioral phenotypes" of stress-arousal systems onto symptom clusters may help disentangle the pathophysiology of complex disorders with frequent comorbidity.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Stress hormone regulation has arguably been the main focus of endocrine involvement in ME/CFS and has been relatively well documented.
“Indeed, stress hormone regulation has arguably been the main focus of endocrine involvement in ME/CFS and has been relatively well documented25.”
From Leveraging Prior Knowledge of Endocrine Immune Regulation in the Therapeutically-relevant Phenotyping of Women with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
The Introduction discusses HPA-axis function and cortisol in CFS and describes an existing body of literature on the subject. It does not establish that stress hormone regulation has been the main focus of endocrine research in ME/CFS; it also characterizes the findings as inconsistent, rather than clearly established. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe model used in this paper is an extension of the HPA system dynamics model used previously in (31), incorporating leptin's impact on cortisol.
“The model used in this paper is an extension of the HPA system dynamics model used previously in (31) incorporating leptin’s impact on cortisol.”
From Sparse System Identification of Leptin Dynamics in Women With Obesity (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A new look at the statistical model identification
Akaike, H. (1974) · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control · doi:10.1109/tac.1974.1100705 · Cited by 51,879 · see citing works
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234 · see citing works
Matthews, D. R., Hosker, J. P., Rudenski, A. S., Naylor, B. A., Treacher, D. F., & Turner, R. C. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00280883 · Cited by 31,502 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Carbin, M. G. (1988) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5 · Cited by 11,696 · see citing works
Sapolsky, R. M., Romero, L. M., & Munck, A. U. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389 · Cited by 7,541 · see citing works
An Introduction to Systems Biology: Design Principles of Biological Circuits
Alon, U. (2006) · doi:10.1201/9781420011432 · Cited by 2,825 · see citing works
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Zhou, E. S. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.25 · Cited by 2,467 · see citing works
Bonora, E., Targher, G., Alberiche, M., Bonadonna, R. C., Saggiani, F., Zenere, M. B., Monauni, T., & Muggeo, M. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.1.57 · Cited by 2,456 · see citing works
BOYCE, W. T., & ELLIS, B. J. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050145 · Cited by 2,078 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids and Hippocampal Atrophy in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Sapolsky, R. M. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.10.925 · Cited by 2,016 · see citing works
(1978) · Chemical & Engineering News · doi:10.1021/cen-v056n033.p045 · Cited by 1,838 · see citing works
The Psychology of Physical Symptoms
Pennebaker, J. W. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8196-9 · Cited by 1,776 · see citing works
Cortisol levels during human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits
Lupien, S. J., de Leon, M., de Santi, S., Convit, A., Tarshish, C., Nair, N. P. V., Thakur, M., McEwen, B. S., Hauger, R. L., & Meaney, M. J. (1998) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/271 · Cited by 1,653 · see citing works
Twenty years of research on cytokine-induced sickness behavior
Dantzer, R., & Kelley, K. W. (2007) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2006.09.006 · Cited by 1,420 · see citing works
Diurnal Cortisol Rhythm as a Predictor of Breast Cancer Survival
Sephton, S. E. (2000) · Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/92.12.994 · Cited by 1,082 · see citing works
Allostasis: A model of predictive regulation
Sterling, P. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.06.004 · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
(2003) · Chemical industries · doi:10.1201/9780203911501.ch5 · Cited by 953 · see citing works
Reciprocal regulation of the neural and innate immune systems
Irwin, M. R., & Cole, S. W. (2011) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3042 · Cited by 910 · cited 4× · see citing works
“The nadir of the circadian cortisol rhythm occurs at approximately 11 pm (p. 276) (Jacobson, 2005), and the morning peak generally occurs between 5 am and 9 am.”
BackgroundInfluentialCytokine‐Induced Sickness Behavior: Mechanisms and Implications
Dantzer, R. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05827.x · Cited by 808 · see citing works
Towards a theory of biological robustness
Kitano, H. (2007) · Molecular Systems Biology · doi:10.1038/msb4100179 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Day-to-day dynamics of experience–cortisol associations in a population-based sample of older adults
Adam, E. K., Hawkley, L. C., Kudielka, B. M., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0605053103 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Self-citationVan Cauter, E. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.7.861 · Cited by 773 · see citing works
Weston, A. D., & Hood, L. (2004) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr0499693 · Cited by 727 · see citing works
The cortisol awakening response: More than a measure of HPA axis function
Clow, A., Hucklebridge, F., Stalder, T., Evans, P., & Thorn, L. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.12.011 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
Pace, T. W. W., Hu, F., & Miller, A. H. (2007) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2006.08.009 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Aaron, L. A., Burke, M. M., & Buchwald, D. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.2.221 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
The Role of Cytokines in Sleep Regulation
Krueger, J. (2008) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161208786549281 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Sleep disturbances in fibromyalgia syndrome: Relationship to pain and depression
Bigatti, S. M., Hernandez, A. M., Cronan, T. A., & Rand, K. L. (2008) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.23828 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Highly Optimized Tolerance: Robustness and Design in Complex Systems
Carlson, J. M., & Doyle, J. C. (2000) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.2529 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Gaddam, K., Pimenta, E., Thomas, S. J., Cofield, S. S., Oparil, S., Harding, S. M., & Calhoun, D. A. (2010) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2009.96 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Sleep disturbances are correlated with decreased morning awakening salivary cortisol
Backhaus, J., Junghanns, K., & Hohagen, F. (2004) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.01.010 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Childhood Trauma and Risk for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Association With Neuroendocrine Dysfunction
Heim, C. C., Nater, U. M., & al, E. (2009) · PubMed · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.508 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis regulation
Jacobson, L. (2005) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2005.01.003 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Origin of ultradian pulsatility in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Walker, J. J., Terry, J. R., & Lightman, S. L. (2010) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.2148 · Cited by 239 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In this case, pulsatility analyses conducted in a prior analysis of this sample did not reveal significant findings (Crofford et al., 2004); however, other mathematical models of HPA activity could provide additional valuable insights (Sriram et al., 2012; Walker et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultA population-based twin study of functional somatic syndromes
Kato, K., Sullivan, P. F., Evengård, B., & Pedersen, N. L. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708003784 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Crofford, L. J., Young, E. A., Engleberg, N. C., Korszun, A., Brucksch, C. B., McClure, L. A., Brown, M. B., & Demitrack, M. A. (2004) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2003.12.011 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman psychoneuroimmunology: 20 Years of discovery
Irwin, M. R. (2007) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.07.013 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Diurnal hormone variation in fibromyalgia syndrome: a comparison with rheumatoid arthritis.
McCain, G. A., & Tilbe, K. S. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Twenty-Four-Hour ACTH and Cortisol Pulsatility in Depressed Women
Young, E. A. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00236-0 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Cytokines and pathological sleep
Kapsimalis, F., Basta, M., Varouchakis, G., Gourgoulianis, K. I., Vgontzas, A. N., & Kryger, M. H. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2007.08.019 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Gass, P., Kretz, O., Wolfer, D. P., Berger, S., Tronche, F., Reichardt, H. M., Kellendonk, C., Lipp, H., Schmid, W., & Schütz, G. (2000) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd088 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome
Tanrıverdi, F., Karaca, Z., Unluhizarci, K., & Keleştimur, F. (2007) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890601130823 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Rowe, P. C., Calkins, H., DeBusk, K., McKenzie, R., Anand, R., Sharma, G., Cuccherini, B. A., Soto, N., Hohman, P., Snader, S., et al. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.1.52 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Sriram, K., Rodriguez-Fernandez, M., & Doyle, F. J. (2012) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002379 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Gaab, J. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000038937.67401.61 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Eede, F. V. D., Moorkens, G. H., Houdenhove, B. V., Cosyns, P. R., & Claes, S. J. (2007) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000104468 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Theorell, T., Blomkvist, V., Lindh, G., & Evengård, B. (1999) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199905000-00009 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Chronic fatigue syndrome criteria. A critique of the requirement for multiple physical complaints
Katon, W. J. (1992) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.152.8.1604 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Scott, L. V., Medbak, S., & Dinan, T. G. (1998) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10030.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid receptors, fibromyalgia and low back pain
Lentjes, E. G. W. M., Griep, E. N., Boersma, J. W., Romijn, F. P. H. T. M., & de Kloet, E. R. (1997) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(97)00061-9 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Sleep, neuroimmune and neuroendocrine functions in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome
Moldofsky, H. (1995) · Advances in Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0960-5428(94)00048-s · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Criteria
Katon, W. J. (1992) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1992.00400200042008 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Patarca-Montero, R., Antoni, M. H., FLETCHER, M. A., & Klimas, N. G. (2001) · Applied Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15324826an0801_7 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The low dose ACTH test in chronic fatigue syndrome and in health
Scott, L., Medbak, S., & Dinan, T. G. (1998) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00418.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Zeiders, K. H., Doane, L. D., & Adam, E. K. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.08.012 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationCalculus with Analytic Geometry
Anton, H. (1978) · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Enhanced feedback sensitivity to prednisolone in chronic fatigue syndrome
Jerjes, W. K., Taylor, N., Wood, P. J., & Cleare, A. J. (2007) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.12.005 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Moshiree, B., Price, D. D., Robinson, M. E., Gaible, R., & Verne, G. N. (2007) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e318032e496 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Ultradian rhythms in pituitary and adrenal hormones: their relations to sleep
Gronfier, C., & Brandenberger, G. (1998) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/s1087-0792(98)90051-x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Wingenfeld, K., Nutzinger, D. O., Kauth, J., Hellhammer, D. H., & Lautenbacher, S. (2010) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2010.02.011 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Geenen, R., & Bijlsma, J. W. J. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05290.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The 1μg short Synacthen test in chronic fatigue syndrome
Hudson, M., & Cleare, A. (1999) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00856.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Calculus with Analytic Geometry.
Buschman, R. G., & Richmond, D. E. (1962) · American Mathematical Monthly · doi:10.2307/2311079 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Gaab, J., Hüster, D., Peisen, R., Engert, V., Heitz, V., Schad, T., Schürmeyer, T. H., & Ehlert, U. (2003) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.44.2.113 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Minimum data elements for research reports on CFS
Jason, L. A., Unger, E. R., Dimitrakoff, J. D., Fagin, A. P., Houghton, M., Cook, D. B., Marshall, G. D., Klimas, N. G., & Snell, C. R. (2012) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.01.014 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A Bayesian Approach to Modeling Associations Between Pulsatile Hormones
Carlson, N. E., Johnson, T. D., & Brown, M. B. (2008) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01117.x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 67 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Akaike H New look at statistical-model identification IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC 1974 19 716 723
- National Research Council Toward precision medicine: building a knowledge network for biomedical research and a new taxonomy of disease 2011 Washington, DC National Academies Press 22536618
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Weight stigma is stressful. A review of evidence for the Cyclic Obesity/Weight-Based Stigma model
Tomiyama, A. J. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.108 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Good stress, bad stress and oxidative stress: Insights from anticipatory cortisol reactivity
Aschbacher, K., O’Donovan, A., Wolkowitz, O. M., Dhabhar, F. S., Su, Y., & Epel, E. S. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.02.004 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Self-citationRodriguez, A. C. I., Epel, E. S., White, M. L., Standen, E. C., Seckl, J. R., & Tomiyama, A. J. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.08.014 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Fibromyalgia: A Critical and Comprehensive Review
Borchers, A. T., & Gershwin, M. E. (2015) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-015-8509-4 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Chronic Pain: Where the Body Meets the Brain.
Crofford, L. J. (2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citationHPA-axis and inflammatory reactivity to acute stress is related with basal HPA-axis activity
Chen, X., Gianferante, D., Hanlin, L. C., Fiksdal, A. S., Breines, J. G., Thoma, M. V., & Rohleder, N. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.035 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Craddock, T. J. A., Fritsch, P., Rice, M. A., del Rosario, R. M., Miller, D. B., Fletcher, M. A., Klimas, N. G., & Broderick, G. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084839 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Zhang, Z.-T., Du, X.-M., Ma, X., Zong, Y., Chen, J., Yu, C., Liu, Y.-G., Chen, Y., Zhao, L.-J., & Lu, G. (2016) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0539-1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis feedback sensitivity in different states of back pain
Nees, F., Löffler, M., Usai, K., & Flor, H. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.026 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Twisk, F. (2014) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00109 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Rao, R., & Androulakis, I. P. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2017-00544 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Aschbacher, K., Rodriguez-Fernandez, M., van Wietmarschen, H., Tomiyama, A. J., Jain, S., Epel, E., Doyle, F. J., & van der Greef, J. (2014) · Interface Focus · doi:10.1098/rsfs.2014.0020 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationIndividual differences in inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms of stress-related mood disorders
Kalinichenko, L. S., Kornhuber, J., & Müller, C. P. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100783 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Pednekar, D. D., Amin, M. R., Azgomi, H. F., Aschbacher, K., Crofford, L. J., & Faghih, R. T. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2020.2978801 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationTracking post-infectious fatigue in clinic using routine Lab tests
Harvey, J. M., Broderick, G., Bowie, A., Barnes, Z. M., Katz, B. Z., O’Gorman, M. R. G., Vernon, S. D., FLETCHER, M. A., Klimas, N. G., & Taylor, R. R. (2016) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-016-0596-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Irwin, M. R. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.04.018 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Broderick, G., & Craddock, T. J. A. (2012) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.09.008 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Chronic fatigue syndrome/fibromyalgia: a “stress-adaptation” model
Houdenhove, B. V., Luyten, P., & Kempke, S. (2013) · Fatigue Biomedicine Health & Behavior · doi:10.1080/21641846.2013.795085 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Pednekar, D. D., Amin, M. R., Azgomi, H. F., Aschbacher, K., Crofford, L. J., & Faghih, R. T. (2019) · 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8857427 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationMorris, M. C., Cooney, K. E., Sedghamiz, H., Abreu, M., Collado, F., Balbin, E. G., Craddock, T. J. A., Klimas, N. G., Broderick, G., & Fletcher, M. A. (2019) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.03.002 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sparse System Identification of Leptin Dynamics in Women With Obesity
Amin, M. R., Pednekar, D. D., Azgomi, H. F., van Wietmarschen, H., Aschbacher, K., & Faghih, R. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.769951 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationModeling Bivariate Longitudinal Hormone Profiles by Hierarchical State Space Models
Liu, Z., Cappola, A. R., Crofford, L. J., & Guo, W. (2013) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.2013.830071 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationIrwin, M. R., Boyle, C. C., Cho, H. J., Piber, D., Breen, E. C., Sadeghi, N., Castillo, D., Smith, M. T., Eisenberger, N. I., & Olmstead, R. (2023) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100601 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Dexamethasone-suppressed Salivary Cortisol and Pain Sensitivity in Female Twins
Godfrey, K. M., Herbert, M. S., Strachan, E. D., Mostoufi, S. M., Crofford, L. J., Buchwald, D., Poeschla, B., Succop, A., & Afari, N. (2016) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000398 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEustress, distress, and oxidative stress: Promising pathways for mind-body medicine
Aschbacher, K., & Mason, A. E. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818606-0.00029-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationTesarz, J., Schuster, A. K.-G., Hermes, M., Mildenberger, E., Urschitz, M. S., Treede, R., Tost, H., Ernst, M., Beutel, M. E., Stoffelns, B. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111943 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Al-Nimer, M. S. M., Mohammad, T. A. M., & Maroof, A. M. A. (2018) · Electronic Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.29333/ejgm/90278 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A moving target: Taking aim at the regulatory dynamics of illness
Broderick, G. (2012) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.013 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Association between Schizophrenia Clinical Severity and Obesity Risk: A Literature Review
Li, I., & Hester, J. (2021) · Journal of Student Research · doi:10.47611/jsrhs.v10i4.2063 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia ☆
Boorman, E., Pariante, C. M., & Russell, A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.95737-4
Conclusions and the Future of Psychological Research
Acree, M. C. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73257-8_11
Longitudinal data analysis by hierarchical state space models
Liu, Z., & Guo, W. (2023) · Handbook of statistics · doi:10.1016/bs.host.2023.10.006
Berry, N. T., Anderson, T., Rhea, C. K., & Wideman, L. (2025) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports13040112
- Authors
- Aschbacher, K., Adam, E. K., Crofford, L. J., Kemeny, M. E., Demitrack, M. A., & Ben-Zvi, A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Neuronetics (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aschbacher, Kirstin
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1047-1056
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3725324
- OpenAlex
- W1996142308
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Michigan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL112955)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH019391, MH019391-20)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIH R01AR43138, R01AR043148)
- National Center for Research Resources (NIH M01-RR00042, M01RR000042)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, dynamic system modeling, cortisol, ACTH, somatic symptoms, sleep quality, comorbidities, neuroendocrine function
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, Algorithms, Circadian Rhythm, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Disease, Female, Fibromyalgia, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Models, Statistical, Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic, Young Adult, Precision Medicine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
