The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The functional neuroanatomy of depression: Distinct roles for ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Open accessAbstract
A primary aim in the neuroscientific study of depression is to identify the brain areas involved in the pathogenesis of symptoms. In this review, we describe evidence from studies employing various experimental approaches in humans (functional imaging, lesion method, and brain stimulation) that converge to implicate the ventromedial and dorsolateral sectors of prefrontal cortex as critical neural substrates for depression, albeit with distinct functional contributions. The putative roles of ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in depression are discussed in light of the results.
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“Consistent with the original FDA label, rTMS for MDD most commonly targets the left hemisphere DLPFC, a key node in the functional pathophysiology thought to underlie depressive symptoms (21).”
From Adaptive trial for the treatment of depressive symptoms associated with concussion using accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (ADEPT): rationale, design and methods (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
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“Furthermore, damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex has been associated with emotional deficits including diminished guilt (Koenigs & Grafman, 2009)”
From A novel resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signature of resilience to recurrent depression (2017) · cites this paper as Koenigs & Grafman, 2009
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“Substantial evidence indicates that mPFC dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD) 203.”
From Mechanisms of synaptic transmission dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex: pathophysiological implications (2022) · cites this paper as [203]
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“One recent review of brain function in depression [71] concluded that depression is typified by hypoactivation in dorsolateral PFC (including dorsal ACC), as well as hyperactivation in ventromedial PFC (including subgenual ACC).”
From Arrested development? Reconsidering dual-systems models of brain function in adolescence and disorders (2012) · cites this paper as [71]
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“Research efforts aimed at understanding the neural circuits underlying depression have been mainly devoted to the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and mesolimbic structures [12, 55, 56].”
From Chronic unpredictable stress induces depression-related behaviors by suppressing AgRP neuron activity (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Koenigs, M., & Grafman, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Koenigs, Michael
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 201
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 239-243
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2680780
- OpenAlex
- W2156809536
- Cited by
- 956
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Z01NS002792)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- depression, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, prefrontal cortex, functional neuroanatomy, brain lesions, transcranial magnetic stimulation, functional imaging
- MeSH terms
- Brain Mapping, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Prefrontal Cortex, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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