Melatonin: A Pleiotropic Molecule Regulating Inflammation
Open accessAbstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep and circadian functions. Melatonin also regulates inflammatory and immune processes acting as both an activator and inhibitor of these responses. Melatonin demonstrates endocrine, but also paracrine and autocrine effects in the leukocyte compartment: on one side, leukocytes respond to melatonin in a circadian fashion; on the other side, leukocytes are able to synthesize melatonin by themselves. With its endocrine and paracrine effects, melatonin differentially modulates pro-inflammatory enzymes, controls production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and leukotrienes and regulates the lifespan of leukocytes by interfering with apoptotic processes. Moreover, its potent antioxidant ability allows scavenging of oxidative stress in the inflamed tissues. The interesting timing of pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, such as those affecting lipoxygenase activity, suggests that melatonin might promote early phases of inflammation on one hand and contribute to its attenuation on the other hand, in order to avoid complications of chronic inflammation. This review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the various inflammatory pathways regulated by this pleiotropic hormone.
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Melatonin can stimulate release of pro-inflammatory factors depending on concurrent conditions, with response limited to early treatment stages.
“However, melatonin can also stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory factors depending on the concurrent conditions, although this response seems to be limited to early treatment stages and needs to be better investigated [454].”
From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [454]
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Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Born, J. (2012) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-011-1044-0 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works
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Pleiotropic Effects of Melatonin
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- Authors
- Radogna, F., Diederich, M., & Ghibelli, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- Hôpital Kirchberg (LU)
- Corresponding author
- Ghibelli, Lina
- Venue
- Biochemical Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1844-1852
- ISSN
- 0006-2952 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1984537429
- Cited by
- 342
- References
- 132
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hal.science
- Licence
- Locations
- Biochemical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
- Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Een Häerz fir kriibskrank Kanner
- Recherches Scientifiques Luxembourg
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Keywords
- melatonin, inflammation, immune regulation, leukocytes, circadian rhythm, pineal gland, cytokines, leukotrienes, lipoxygenase, apoptosis, oxidative stress, antioxidant activity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antioxidants, Cell Survival, Humans, Inflammation, Leukocytes, Melatonin, Pineal Gland, Signal Transduction, Arachidonic Acid, Apoptosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress
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