Sleep and immune function

Besedovsky, Luciana; Lange, Tanja; Born, Jan

doi:10.1007/s00424-011-1044-0

Cited by 1,153Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchCircadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

Sleep and immune function

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Besedovsky, Luciana, Lange, Tanja, Born, Jan·2012·Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology

DOI 10.1007/s00424-011-1044-0PMC PMC3256323

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Abstract

Sleep and the circadian system exert a strong regulatory influence on immune functions. Investigations of the normal sleep-wake cycle showed that immune parameters like numbers of undifferentiated naïve T cells and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines exhibit peaks during early nocturnal sleep whereas circulating numbers of immune cells with immediate effector functions, like cytotoxic natural killer cells, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine activity peak during daytime wakefulness. Although it is difficult to entirely dissect the influence of sleep from that of the circadian rhythm, comparisons of the effects of nocturnal sleep with those of 24-h periods of wakefulness suggest that sleep facilitates the extravasation of T cells and their possible redistribution to lymph nodes. Moreover, such studies revealed a selectively enhancing influence of sleep on cytokines promoting the interaction between antigen presenting cells and T helper cells, like interleukin-12. Sleep on the night after experimental vaccinations against hepatitis A produced a strong and persistent increase in the number of antigen-specific Th cells and antibody titres. Together these findings indicate a specific role of sleep in the formation of immunological memory. This role appears to be associated in particular with the stage of slow wave sleep and the accompanying pro-inflammatory endocrine milieu that is hallmarked by high growth hormone and prolactin levels and low cortisol and catecholamine concentrations.

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New immune cells such as macrophages, DC and neutrophils peak during the early rest period.
“new immune cells, such as macrophages, DC and neutrophils, peak during the early rest period [87]”
From Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota: An Effective Method to Improve Immunity (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
Sleep is an important homeostatic regulator of immune function and plays a specific role in immunological memory.
“Sleep is an important homeostatic regulator of immune function and plays a specific role in immunological memory [58].”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [58]
Sleep disturbances and deprivation are therefore likely to have adverse effects on the immune system, including dysregulation of NK cells and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
“Sleep disturbances and deprivation are therefore likely to have adverse effects on the immune system, including dysregulation of NK cells and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines [58].”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [58]

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HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 triggers a Th2 response in mice that shifts to Th1 in the presence of human growth hormone
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About Sleep's Role in Memory
Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783 · see citing works
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The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease
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“Together with other experiments from recent times, these findings suggest an important role of sleep for immune defense (47, 79).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective
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“…cytokines during the rest period have been observed, often during the early SWS-dominated portion of sleep, in humans as well as in animals, on the mRNA and protein levels in different tissues including the brain, adipose tissue, and lymph nodes (for a review, see Besedovsky et al. 2012).”
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Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)
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Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course
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The role of interleukin-6 signaling in nervous tissue
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Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma
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Sleep Enhances the Human Antibody Response to Hepatitis A Vaccination
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The future of sleep health: a data-driven revolution in sleep science and medicine
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Crosstalk between the circadian clock circuitry and the immune system
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Sleep duration, cardiovascular disease, and proinflammatory biomarkers
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Tai Chi Reverse Cellular and Genomic Markers of Inflammation in Late-Life Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Sleep associated regulation of T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokine balance in humans
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Extreme sleep durations and increased C-reactive protein: effects of sex and ethnoracial group
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Auditory closed-loop stimulation of EEG slow oscillations strengthens sleep and signs of its immune-supportive function
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Risk of Cancer in Patients with Insomnia, Parasomnia, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nationwide Nested Case-Control Study
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Developing Biomarker Arrays Predicting Sleep and Circadian-Coupled Risks to Health
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Sleep Loss and Cytokines Levels in an Experimental Model of Psoriasis
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Endogenous glucocorticoid receptor signaling drives rhythmic changes in human T-cell subset numbers and the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4
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Sleep Deprivation and Divergent Toll-like Receptor-4 Activation of Cellular Inflammation in Aging
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Walking improves sleep in individuals with cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials
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Differential acute effects of sleep on spontaneous and stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor in men
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Associations of cytokines, sleep patterns, and neurocognitive function in youth with HIV infection
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Sleep disruption impairs haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice
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Sleep deprivation predisposes allergic mice to neutrophilic lung inflammation
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Determinants of Sleep Quality in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
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Effects of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on human sleep, sleep-associated memory consolidation, and blood monocytes
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Impact of diabetic retinopathy on sleep, mood, and quality of life
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Nocturnal sleep uniformly reduces numbers of different T-cell subsets in the blood of healthy men
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Sleep, stress, and immunity
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Authors: Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Born, J.
Affiliations: University of Tübingen (DE)
ORCID: Besedovsky, Luciana
Lange, Tanja
Venue: Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2011-11-10
Volume: 463
Issue: 1
Pages: 121-137
ISSN: 0031-6768 (ISSN-L)
1432-2013
DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-1044-0
PMC: PMC3256323
OpenAlex: W2116205810
Cited by: 1,153
References: 131
Citations by year: 2026: 112 · 2025: 116 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 164 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 2.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB654)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: sleep, immune function, circadian rhythm, T cell homeostasis, naive T cells, inflammatory cytokines, natural killer cells, anti-inflammatory cytokines, T cell extravasation, lymph node trafficking, IL-12, antigen-presenting cells, immunological memory, hepatitis A vaccination, slow-wave sleep, growth hormone, prolactin, cortisol, catecholamines
MeSH terms: Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Immune System, Immunologic Memory, Sleep

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Sleep and immune function

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