Cited by 1,126Behavioral and Psychological StudiesMeta-analysis and systematic reviewsPsychology Research and Bibliometrics

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An improved effect size for single-case research: nonoverlap of all pairs.

Parker, Richard I., Vannest, Kimberly·2009·Behavior Therapy

DOI 10.1016/j.beth.2008.10.006

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Abstract

Nonoverlap of All Pairs (NAP), an index of data overlap between phases in single-case research, is demonstrated and field tested with 200 published AB contrasts. NAP is a novel application of an established effect size known in various forms as Area Under the Curve (AUC), the Common Language Effect Size (CL), the Probability of Superiority (PS), the Dominance Statistic (DS), Mann-Whitney's U, and Sommers D, among others. NAP was compared with 3 other non-overlap-based indices: PND (percent of nonoverlapping data), PEM (percent of data points exceeding the median), and PAND (percent of all nonoverlapping data), as well as Pearson's R(2). Five questions were addressed about NAP: (a) typical NAP values, (b) its ability to discriminate among typical single-case research results, (c) its power and precision (confidence interval width), (d) its correlation with the established effect size index, R(2), and (e) its relationship with visual judgments. Results were positive, the new index equaling or outperforming the other overlap indices on most criteria.

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Authors: Parker, R. I., & Vannest, K.
Affiliations: Texas A&M University (US)
Corresponding author: Parker, Richard I.
ORCID: Vannest, Kimberly
Venue: Behavior Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-12
Volume: 40
Issue: 4
Pages: 357-367
ISSN: 0005-7894 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.10.006
OpenAlex: W2028628292
Cited by: 1,126
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 61 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 99 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 84 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 12.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behavior Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
Keywords: effect size, single subject research, data overlap, R-squared, visual assessment, confidence interval width, statistical power
MeSH terms: Humans, Models, Psychological, Probability, Psychology, Research Design, Confidence Intervals, Area Under Curve

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An improved effect size for single-case research: nonoverlap of all pairs.

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