The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Light-controlled oxygen production and collection for sustainable photodynamic therapy in tumor hypoxia
Abstract
Hypoxia exists in most malignant tumors and often contributes to therapy resistance, especially for aerobic treatments such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radiotherapy. Here, we developed a novel light-controlled sustainable PDT in which light was used to help photosynthetic microorganisms (Chlorella) produce oxygen, and perfluorocarbon was used to enrich oxygen around the photosensitizer for sustained oxygen supply. After light stops, Chlorella further acts as an adjuvant to promote dendritic cell (DC) activation, promoting the antitumor immune response. We showed that sustainable PDT could continuously provide oxygen for photosensitizers and avoid PDT-induced local hypoxia. More importantly, sustainable PDT also promoted the activation of DCs and amplified the antitumor immune effects. Therefore, this novel strategy provides an effective but simple method for improving PDT in both tumor hypoxia and normoxia, and enhancing the antitumor immunity may be a new anti-resistance strategy for treating patients with advanced-stage cancer.
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In the citing paper
“Wang et al. [131] reported a way that O2 was supplied for PDT: O2 was photosynthetically produced by a Chlorella sp. strain (reaching 500 µM in a short time) and the excess was collected by perfluorocarbon (PFC) and used to the greatest extent, enhancing the therapeutic effect of PDT.”
From Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. (2023) · cites this paper as [131]
In the citing paper
“Compared with the system without PFC, the sustainable Chlorella-PFC system could produce up to ten times the therapeutic effect both in vitro and in vivo.”
From Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. (2023) · cites this paper as [131]
In the citing paper
“After light stops, Chlorella sp. further acted as an adjuvant to promote dendritic cell activation, promoting an antitumor immune response.”
From Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. (2023) · cites this paper as [131]
Citations
Cites
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Cancer genes and the pathways they control
Vogelstein, B., & Kinzler, K. W. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1087 · Cited by 4,346
Targeting hypoxia in cancer therapy
Wilson, W. R., & Hay, M. P. (2011) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3064 · Cited by 3,172
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Lucky, S. S., Soo, K. C., & Zhang, Y. (2015) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr5004198 · Cited by 2,999
Exploiting tumour hypoxia in cancer treatment
Brown, J. M., & Wilson, W. R. (2004) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1367 · Cited by 2,828
Photodynamic therapy and anti-tumour immunity
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Taking dendritic cells into medicine
Steinman, R. M., & Banchereau, J. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06175 · Cited by 2,162
The role of porphyrin chemistry in tumor imaging and photodynamic therapy
Ethirajan, M., Chen, Y., Joshi, P., & Pandey, R. K. (2010) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/b915149b · Cited by 2,038
Cited by
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Conquering the Hypoxia Limitation for Photodynamic Therapy
Wan, Y., Fu, L., Li, C., Lin, J., & Huang, P. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202103978 · Cited by 705
Overcoming barriers in photodynamic therapy harnessing nano-formulation strategies
Xie, J., Wang, Y., Choi, W., Jangili, P., Ge, Y., Xu, Y., Kang, J., Liu, L., Zhang, B., Xie, Z., et al. (2021) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d0cs01370f · Cited by 532
Phototherapy in cancer treatment: strategies and challenges
Cai, Y., Chai, T., Nguyen, W., Liu, J., Xiao, E., Ran, X., Ran, Y., Du, D., Chen, W., & Chen, X. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02140-y · Cited by 453
Sun, H., Xu, J., Wang, Y., Shen, S., Xu, X., Zhang, L., & Jiang, Q. Y. (2023) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.021 · Cited by 215
Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp.
Abreu, A. P., Martins, R., & Nunes, J. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10080955 · Cited by 119
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, H., Guo, Y., Wang, C., Jiang, X., Liu, H., Yuan, A., Yan, J., Hu, Y., & Wu, J.
- Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (CN)
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Jinhui
- Venue
- Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 269
- Pages
- 120621
- ISSN
- 0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3114005745
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 14
- FWCI
- 9.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biomaterials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Outstanding Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Keywords
- photodynamic therapy, tumor hypoxia, Chlorella, photosynthetic microorganisms, perfluorocarbon oxygen carriers, photosensitizers, dendritic cell activation, antitumor immunity, cancer immunotherapy, treatment resistance
- MeSH terms
- Tumor Hypoxia, Hypoxia, Chlorella, Humans, Oxygen, Photochemotherapy, Photosensitizing Agents, Cell Line, Tumor
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